篇一：被动语态专题课件(1)
高中动词被动语态专题
一、语态是神马？
所谓语态是指主语和谓语动词的关系。语态分为主动语态和被动语态。当主语为谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，谓语动词要用主动语态；当主语为谓语动词的所表示动作的承受者或对象时，谓语动词用被动语态。主动语态和被动语态都有不同的时态。 主语 谓语 宾语
学生们每天都打扫教室。
（主语the students是打扫教室这一动作执行者。） 主语 谓语
教室每天都要打扫。
(主语the classroom 是谓语动词clean这一动作的承受者。)
二、被动语态的用法
1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。
Eg1. This watch is made in China.
2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。
Eg1. More trees must be planted every year.
3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。
Eg1. Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. (强调汉语的适用范围广泛)
4. 动作的发出者不是人时。
Eg1. Many houses were washed away by the flood.
5.某些句子习惯上用被动语态。He was born in October, 1988.
Note: 1.用于被动语态中的动词是及物动词，不及物动词不能用被动语态.
World War II took place in Europe. (right)
World War II was taken place in Europe.(wrong)
Note 2.反身代词在句中作宾语时,不能用被动语态.
He taught himself English.(right)
Himself was taught English by him. (wrong)
三、被动语态的构成
被动语态的基本构成为： 助动词be +及物动词的过去分词
各种时态的被动语态都是由基本构成推演出来的，具体表现为：
1. 一般现在时
主语 + am/is/are +及物动词的过去分词+ 其他
Eg1. The classroom is cleaned by the students every day.
2. 一般过去时
主语 + was/were +及物动词的过去分词 + 其他
Eg1. The kite was made by him yesterday.
3. 现在进行时
主语 + am/is/ are being + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他
Eg1. A new teaching building is being built in our school now.
4. 过去进行时
主语 + was/were being +及物动词的过去分词 + 其他
Eg1. A letter was being written by her at this time yesterday.
5. 一般将来时
主语 + will/shall/be going to be +及物动词的过去分词 + 其他
Eg1. More new teaching buildings will be built in the countryside next year.
6. 过去将来时
主语 + would/should/(was/were) going to be +及物动词的过去分词 + 其他
Eg1. My mother said a big birthday cake would be made for me by her.
7. 现在完成时
主语 + have/has been + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他
Eg1. The work has been done by him already.
8. 过去完成时
主语 + had been + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他
Eg1. The homework had been finished by him before 7 pm yesterday.
9. 含有情态动词的被动语态
主语 + 情态动词 (can/may/must/should) be + 及物动词的过去分词 + 其他
Eg1. The work can be done in a new way.
四、主动句肿么变身成被动句
in England.
1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语(注意代词的格的转换）。
2.把主动语态的谓语动词改为 “be + 过去分词”结构；（注意人称，数，时态的一致）。
3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by短语。（① by短语可以省。② by短语
后跟代词的宾格。）
歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。
谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
1、带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语） 常见的接双宾语的动词有:
to: pass, give, teach, show, bring, lend ,tell ,sell
for: buy, draw, sing, get, choose, cook
以“人”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；
以“物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加to或for
Eg1. He gave me a book.
---I was given a book by him. （以I做主语）
---A book was given to me by Tom. （以物book作主语）
Eg2. He teaches us English.
---We are taught English by him. （以人当主语）
---English is taught to us by him. （以物作主语）
2、动词短语变为被动语态
许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。但是动词短语是个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。
Eg1. We should speak to old men politely. (改为被动语态)
---Old men should be spoken to politely. (to不可省略)
3. 感官动词和使役动词变为被动语态
在主动句中感官动词(feel/see/hear/watch/notice)和使役动词(let/make/have)后接省略to的动词不定式做宾语补足语，变为被动句时省略的to要重新加上去。
Eg1. He makes the girl stay at home. (改为被动语态)
---The girl is made to stay at home.
Eg2. Last Sunday we heard them sing Beijing Opera in the theater. (改为被动语态)
---They were heard to sing Beijing Opera in the theater last Sunday.
4、被动语态的特殊形式
have / get / make sth. done “使/让某事物被做”
? have my hair cut
Eg1. I had my hair cut yesterday.
? get my bike repaired
Eg1. My bike is broken. I have to get it repaired.
? get the ears pierced
Eg1. Students at school can’t get their ears pierced.
5、以主动的形式表示被动的含义的情况：
1、一些表示事物感官特性的动词如: look(看起来), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), feel(摸起来)当主语为物体时，一般用主动形式表示被动含义。
Eg1. The idea sounds interesting. 这个主意听起来有趣。
Eg2. This kind of cloth feels very soft. 这种布料摸起来很软。
2、write, sell, wash, cut, drive, open, lock, read, clean, burn等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动形式表被动。
Eg1. This kind of shirt sells well here.
Eg2. This pen writes smoothly.
Eg3. The car drives well.
3、在need,want，require等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
Eg1. My bike needs repairing.= My bike needs to be repaired.
4． 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。
Eg1. The picture-book is well worth reading．=The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）
5. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon． (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)
试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)
6. 在某些“形容词＋不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.
7． 在too? to?结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
6、介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，含被动之义，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。
1. “under +名词”结构，表示“某事在进行中”。常见的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair（在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）。
例The building is under construction( is being constructed).
2．“beyond+名词”结构，“出乎……胜过……、范围、限度”。常见的有：beyond belief (令人难以置信)， beyond one’s reach（鞭长莫及），beyond one’s control（无法控制），beyond our hope． 我们的成功始料不及。
例The rumour is beyond belief（=can’t be believed）．
3.“above+名词”结构, 表示“(品质、行为、能力等) 超过……、高于……”。
例His honest character is above all praise．=His honest character cannot be praised enough．
4．“for+名
词”结构，表示 “适于……、 为着……”。如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等。
例That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).
5．“in+名词”结构 ，表示“在……过程中或范围内”常见的有：in print（在印刷中），in sight(在视野范围内)，等。
例The book is not yet in print．(=is not yet printed)
6．“on+名词”结构, 表示“在从事…… 中”。常见的有：on sale(出售)，on show（展出）, on trial（受审）。
例Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).
7．“out of+名词”结构 ； 表示 “超出…… 之外“，常见的有：out of control (控制不了)，out of sight （超出视线之外），out of one’s reach(够不着), out of fashion(不流行)等。 例 The plane was out of control (can’t be controlled)． 。
8．“within+名词”结构，“在……内、不超过……”。
例He took two days off within the teacher's permission．
7、语态转换时所注意的问题
1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
We have bought a new computer.
A new computer has been bought. (正确)
A new computer have been bought. (错误)
2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.
I was given a present on my birthday.
如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：
A present was given to me yesterday.
8、被动语态与高考试题赏析
1． 高考对谓语动词语态的考查例析
1). In some parts of the world, tea ___ with milk and sugar. (NMET1993)
A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served
解析 B 因为serve是及物动词，其动作承受者tea作主语，表示经常发生的情况，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
2). This is Ted’s phone. We miss him a lot. He ___ trying to save a child in the earthquake.(NMET2002)
A. killed B. is killed
C. was killed D. was killing
解析 C Ted是kill的承受者，用被动语态，且Ted救人发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
3). ---- Have you moved into the new house?
---- Not yet, the rooms _____. (NMET1991) A. are being painted B. are painting
C. are painted D. are being painting
解析 A “house”和“paint”应该是被动的关系，排除B，D。后者未搬进新居的原因是房子正在油漆，所以要用现在进行时的被动语态。不能用一般现在时表示习惯性动作，排除C。
4). When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___ yet. （上海春2003）
A. are not decided B. have not been decided
C. is not being decided D. has not been decided
解析 D decide是及物动词，动作的发出者通常是人，句中的主语是动作的承受者，所以decide要用被动语态。从题干的语境和关键词yet，可判断用现在完成时，不定式做主语用单数，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
5). The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets ___.（上海春2001）
A. was booked B. had been booked
C. were booked D. have been booked
解析 B 句中tickets是book(订票)的承受者，主谓为被动关系，又因票已被订出应发生在entered the office这个过去动作之前，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态。
2．高考对非谓语动词语态的考查
当非谓语动词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者时, 须用被动式。弄清非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间的执行与承受关系是掌握非谓语动词语态的关键。
1). Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ___ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET2002)
A. to see B. to be seen
C. seeing D. seen
篇二：课件-被动语态的翻译
? 英汉翻译技巧
之
? 被动语态的译法
英语中的被动语态使用极为广泛，凡是在不必说出主动者、不愿说出主动者、无从说出主动者或者是为了便于连贯上下文等等场合，往往都使用被动语态，尤其是在科技英语中被动语态几乎随处可见。
而汉语中的被动结构却不那么常见，因为从习惯上讲，汉语中的“被”、“遭”、“受”、“挨”等字眼总是给人不那么舒服的感觉，因此在英汉翻译时，往往要尽量将被动语态化为主动结构。
? When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated.
The commonest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and become the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas that comes off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel.
? 教学内容
? 1、英语中常用被动语态的情况
? 2、汉语中被动意义的表现方式
? 3、英语被动语态的翻译
? 1、不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：
Such books are written for children.
We haven’t been told about it.
The English evening has been put off till Saturday.
? 2、出于礼貌措辞等方面考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。例如：
You are requested to give a performance.
The President’s Medicare proposal has been widely criticized.
? 3、无从说出施动者是谁。例如：
You’re wanted on the phone.
Rice is chiefly grown in the south.
? 4、为了便于上下衔接。例如：
He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.
Jack fought John in the men’s singles last night and was beaten.
? 5、为了突出谈话的中心。例如：
The song was composed by a French musician.
The program was designed by ourselves.
? 二、汉语被动意义的表达方式
? 用词汇的手段来表现被动意义
例如：
1、“为”字结构“茅屋为秋风所破”
2、“被”字式（带有不幸的意味）
“被捕”， “被剥削”，“被压迫”，“被杀”
3、“让”、”给”、”叫”、“挨”、“受”、
“遭”、“蒙”
The crops were washed away by the flood.
庄稼让大水冲跑了。
4、“是……的” 表示静态的句子
这些产品是我国制造的。
5、“……的是”
推荐我的是一位教授。
6、“……加以/予以”组成倒置的宾语结构
这个问题将在下一章加以讨论。
◆用词序手段来表现被动意义
1、受事者——动词
困难克服了，工作完成了，问题也解决了。
2、受事者——施动者——动词
我们在这里所讲的话，人们不会长久地记住。
? Translation strategies for English passive construction
? 翻译成汉语的主动句
? 1.“加以”, “经过”,
? “用……来”
? 2.增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语
? 3.主语译成宾语
? 4.翻译成汉语的无主句
? 5.翻译成带“是……的”的主动句
? 译成汉语的被动句
? 1.汉语句中有“被”、“受”、“挨”、“遭受”等词
? 2.译成“为…所”的结构
? 译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句
? 1. 翻译成汉语的主动句。英语原文的被动结构翻译成汉语的主动结构又可以进一步
分为几种不同的情况。
? (1)英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语
? In the move, most of the furniture was left to the neighbors or distributed among
friends.
? 搬家时大部分家具要么留给了邻居，要么分给了朋友。
? (2) 将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语，同时增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语。
例如:
? Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow
the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining.
? 人们常说，电视使人了解时事，熟悉政治和科学领域的最新发展变化，并能源源不
断地为观众提供各种既有教育意义又有趣的节目。
? 另外，以it作为形式主语的某些结构也可以通过这一手段翻译:
? It is asserted that …有人主张…；
? It is believed that …有人认为…；
? It is generally considered that …大家(一般人)认为…；
? It is well known that …大家知道(众所周知)…；
? It will be said …有人会说…；
? It was told that …有人曾经说…
（4） 翻译成带表语（“是……的”）的主动句
The decision to attack was not taken lightly.
进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。
In the old society，women were looked down upon.
在旧社会，妇女们是受歧视的。
? （5）翻译成汉语的无主句。
? When (it is) seen through a telescope, the sun appears darker near the edge. ? 用望远镜看，太阳接近边缘的部分显得略暗。
? Great efforts should be made to inform young people
especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit of smoking.
? 应该尽最大努力告诫年轻人吸烟的危害, 特别是吸上瘾后的可怕后果。
? It is hoped that … 希望……
It is reported that … 据报道……
It is said that … 据说……
It is supposed that … 据推测……
It may be said without fear of exaggeration that …
? 可以毫不夸张地说……
It must be admitted that … 必须承认……
It must be pointed out that … 必须指出……
It will be seen from this that … 由此可见……
? IT is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune,
must be in want of a wife. However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families, that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of heir daughters.
? 2. 译成汉语的被动式
? 英语中的许多被动句可以翻译成汉语的被动句。常用“被”, “给”, “遭”, “挨”, “为……
所”, “使”, “由…”, “受到”等表示。例如:
? His passport was confiscated by the police.
? 他的护照被警方没收了。
? Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield. ? 我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现。
? The spaceship will be totally controlled by an on-board electronic computer.
? 这艘宇宙飞船将完全由机载电子计算机控制。
? 译成“把”、“使”和“由”字句
The famous hotel had been practically destroyed
by the big fire.
大火把这家著名的旅馆几乎全部毁坏。
The plan is going to be examined first by the
research group。
计划将先由研究小组加以研究。
篇三：被动语态ppt配套卷
Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice
1.They make TV sets in that factory .
2. Does Northwest China grow the best cotton ?
3.They don’t use this room for playing Ping pong .
4. The manager made them work 10 hours a day .
5. Did Bell invent the telephone in 1876?
6. You didn’t water trees often .
7. They will water trees often
8.We won’t plant trees in very dry earth .
9. Will they see us come here?
Translate the sentences into English
1. 我们的教室一天打扫两次。（2013大连）
_____________________________________________________________
2. 这些杂志将不允许带出图书馆。（2009大连）
_____________________________________________________________
3. 篮球是何时被发明的？（2013营口）
_____________________________________________________________
4. 昨天老师要求我们每人写一篇日记。
Yesterday we __________________________________________________
5. 在你吃药前，你应该首先仔细阅读这份说明，不要浏览。
The instruction __________________________________________before you have the medicine. You should read it carefully.
6. 去年学生们经常听这首乐曲。
The music _____________________________________________________
Fill in the blanks:
Paper _______________ ( invent) in A.D.105 by Cai Lun in China. It is an important part of our everyday lives, but few people ever think about how it ____________ (make).Today most paper comes from trees. However, with the concern for the environment (考虑到环境) , more and more paper____________ (produce) from recycled paper products. Since paper products are of different qualities, they first____________ (sort) before they_____________ (recycle).The sorted material _____________(put) into a huge machine. With the development of the new technology, maybe in the future, more paper ________________(not use) . 1
《被动语态课件》出自：百味书屋
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