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八年级英语语法

2017-02-25 06:42:13 来源网站: 百味书屋

篇一:初二英语语法大全

初二英语语法总结

反义疑问句(The Disjunctive Question)又叫附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。

1. 陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式

2. 陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式

They work hare, don’t they?

She was ill yesterday, wasn’t she? You didn’t go, did you? He can’t ride a bike, can he? 请注意以下句型的反义疑问句的用法: 1. 当陈述部分的主语是I , everyone, everything, nobody 时,后面的疑问句应表示为:

I am a student, aren’t I

Everyone is in the classroom, aren’t they?

Everything begins to grow in spring, doesn’t it?

Nobody will go, will they?

2. 当陈述部分有never,seldom, hardly,few,little,barely, scarcely, nothing 等否定词时,后面的疑问句则表示为:

There are few apples in the basket, are there?

He can hardly swim, can he?

They seldom come late, do they?

3. 当陈述部分是I think 加从句时,疑问句应和从句的人称时态保持一致。

I think chickens can swim, can’t they?

I think Lucy is a good girl, isn’t she?

I didn't think he was happy, was he?

4. 陈述部分有had better 时,疑问句应用hadn’t开头: you’d better get up early, hadn’t you? 5. 当陈述部分是祈使句时,疑问句要根据语气来表达: Let’s go out for a walk, shall we? Let us go our for a walk, will you?

Turn on the radio, will you?

6. 反义疑问句的回答用yes, no, 但是,当陈述部分是否定形式时,回答要按事实。如:

They don’t work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作,是吗?

Yes, they do. 不, 他们工作努力。/No, they don’t. 对, 他们工作不努力。

一、反意疑问句的一般情况

1.当陈述部分的主语是:等everyone, everybody, someone, no one, nobody, somebody合成代词时,附加疑问句的主语非正式文体中往往they用。(也可以按语法一致原则用单数。)

2.当陈述部分以one不定代词做主语时,冈蹲闶句的主语在正式常场用

one,非正式场合用he。

3.当陈述部分的主语是不定式、动名词、从句、this或that,附加疑问句的主语用it。(是those, these则用they)

4.当陈述部分的主语是表示物的不定代词everything, anything, nothing等,附加问句的主语用 it。

5.陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词,例如:never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, no, none, no one, rarely, nowhere, nothing, nobody, few, little等,附加疑问句的动词要用肯定形式。

6.如果陈述部分中的否定词仅带有否定的前缀或后缀,那么该陈述句应作肯定句处理,附加疑问句应用否定形式。

二、常见句型的反意疑问句

7.当陈述部分是there be 存在句型时,附加疑问句的主语也用there。

8.感叹句的附加疑问句,其谓语要求用否定句。

9.祈使句后面的附加疑问句问题 A) 祈使句是否定形式,附加疑问句只能用will you。 B) 祈使句是肯定形式,附加疑问句用肯定、否定均可。 C) Let开头的祈使句要注意: 1.Let’s 在意义上包含谈话的对方在内,表示提出建议或征求对方意见,其反意疑问句往往用shall we。

2. Let us 在意义上一般不包含谈话的对方在内,表示请求对方答应做某事的含义,let 有allow的意思。附加疑问部分用will you。

3. Let me 开头表示请求,附加疑问句用will you,或用may I。

三、复合句的反意疑问句

10.当陈述部分是一个(带that引导宾语从句的)主从复合句时,附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。但是,当陈述部分的主语是:I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect等结构时,附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语,谓语保持一致关系。而且要注意到否定的转移问题。

11.当陈述部分是I’m sure that,;we are sure;I’m afraid that;We are sure that;I feel sure that 等后面跟宾语从句时,反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。

12.当陈述部分是并列句时,附加疑问句的主谓语要和离它最近的句子的主谓保持对应关系。

四、关于情态动词的反意疑问句

13.陈述部分中有have一词,且表示“所有”含义时,附加疑问句部分既可用have也可用do。

14.陈述部分中有have to,附加疑问句部分用do。

15.含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。

He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?

16.陈述部分有used to,附加疑问句部分可用used 也可以用did 。

17.陈述部分有needn’t时,附加疑问句部分用need但有时也可用must。

18. 陈述部分有must,且表示“必须”时,附加疑问句部分用

mustn’t,如果表示“必要”则用needn’t。

19.陈述部分中是mustn’t表示“禁止”时,附加疑问句部分用must。

陈述部分中的must表示“一定”、“想必”等推测意义时,附加疑问句部分而是根据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定。

20.陈述部分是I wish, 表示询问或征求意见,附加疑问部分用may I。

21.弄清陈述句中的’d rather = would rather;’d better = had better附加疑问句部分前者用would,后者用had。

其它特殊结构的反意疑问句

22.陈述部分的主语是each of...结构时,附加疑问句在强调整体时用they,当作个别时用he。

23.陈述部分有neither...nor...(either...or...)做并列主语,附加疑问部分根据实在际逻辑意义而定。

Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?

24.陈述部分是:I’m ....结构,附加疑问句一般用aren’t I?

25. 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?

You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?

26. 陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 27. 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。 You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?

28. 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。

We need not do it again, need we ?

He dare not say so, dare you?

当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。

篇二:八年级上册英语语法、短语和知识点总结

八年级上册英语语法、短语和知识点总结

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?

本单元的话题:谈论假期活动内容,复习一般过去时。

本单元的语法:1.复习一般过去时;2.学习不定代词和不定副词的用法。

语法:1.本单元出现的动词不规则过去式有:

is\am---was是 are -- were是 go---went去 buy—bought买 take ---took拿走, do\does—did feed—fed喂 see—saw 看见 eat—ate 吃 have\has—had 有,吃

feel—felt感觉 ride—rode骑 get—got到达,得到can—could能,会forget—forgot忘记drink—drank喝 find—found找到

2.不定代词和不定副词的用法:

somebody

any one

every thing no where(疑问副词)

不定代词和不定副词

(1)左边的some、any、every、no与右边的body、one、thing构成不定代词,some、any、every、no与右边的疑问副词where构成不定副词;

(2)一般情况下以some开头的不定代词和不定副词用于肯定句,以any开头的不定代词和不定副词用于否定句、疑问句;以no开头的不定代词和不定副词表示否定含义(no one为两个单词);

(3)不定代词或不定副词和形容词连用时,形容词放在后面。

He has something他有重要的事情要做。(肯定句用something,形容词important放后) Did you buy (一般疑问句用anything,形容词special放后)

Did you go anywhere上个月你去令人感兴趣的地方了吗?

(interesting放后)

(4)不定代词和不定副词做主语时,后面的动词用单数形式。Everone is here today.今天每个人都在这里。

本单元的短语和知识点:

1.(P1,图片) go on vacation去度假 go to the mountains 上山/进山

2.(P1,1a) stay at home呆在家go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp去参观夏令营

3.(P2,2b) study for tests为考试而学习\备考 go out出去

4.(P2,2d) quite a few相当多,不少(后跟可数名词复数)

He has quite a few friends.他有不少朋友。take photos照相 most of the time大部分时间

5.(P3,语法表格3行) buy sth for sb = buy sb sth为某人买某物My mother bought me a sweater=My mother bought a sweater for me.我妈妈给我买了一件毛衣。

6.(P3,语法表格4行) taste good. 尝起来很好

taste(尝起来)、look(看起来)、sound(听起来)为感官动词,后跟形容词

The food tastes delicious.这食品尝起来非常可口。

The T-shirt looks beautiful.这件体恤衫看起来很漂亮。

The songs sound beautiful.这些歌曲听起来很优美。

7.(P3,语法表格5行)have a good\great\fun time过得高兴,玩得愉快(=enjoy oneself)

They had a good time yesterday.= They enjoyed themselves yesterday.他们昨天玩得很开心。

8.(P3,3a) go shopping去购物

9.(P3,3b,4行) nothing?but+动词原形:除了??之外什么都没有

He had nothing to do at home but read yesterday.昨天他在家除了读书无事可做。

10.(P3,3b,5行) seem to do sth:好像? I seem to know him.我好像认识他。

seem+(to be)+形容词:看起来?The work seems(to be)easy.这工作看起来很容易。

11.(P3,3c)keep a diary记日记

12.(P5,2b,1行大地方:达到某地(get to +地方:达到某地)

小地方:达到某地 (get的过去式为got)

He arrived in Beijing yesterday.他昨天达到北京。

若是arrive和ge后跟home、there、here三个地点副词,后面的介词in\at\to必须去掉。

昨晚汤姆到家。

)decide to do sth:决定做某事他决定回家。

14.(P5,2b,3行) try doing sth.尝试做某事try to do sth.尽力去做某事

The boy tried riding bicycle.这个小孩试着骑自行车

He tried to help the old man.他尽力帮助这个老年人。

15.(P5,2b,4行) feel like给?的感觉;感受到

16.(P5,2b,1段末行) in the past 在过去 walk around四处走走

enjoy doing sth:喜欢做某事He enjoys playing basketball.他喜欢打篮球。

17.(P5,2b,2段1行)difference(名词,差异,差别)---- different(形容词,不同的)

18.(P5,2b,2段2行)start doing sth:开始做某事 (= start to do sth)

He started doing his homework. 他开始做家庭作业。

19.(P5,2b,2段3行)over an hour一个多小时 (over超过,多余 = more than)

20.(P5,2b,2段4行) too many 太多,后接可数名词复数。

Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.昨天妈妈买了很多鸡蛋。

too much 太多,后跟不可数名词,修饰动词作状语。

我们有很多工作要做。 Don’t talk too much.不要说太多。

much too 太,后跟形容词或副词这帽子对我来说太大。 你走地太快了。

分辨三者的口诀:用法区别看后头:much 后接不可数,too 后修饰形或副。too many 要记住,后面名词必复数。

21.(P5,2b,2段6行) because of 因为,

because因为,后跟句子。

He can’t go to school because of the rain.他因为下雨没去上学。(rain为名词)

He was late for school because of他因为起晚而上学迟到。(get为动词)

= He was late for school becauseI don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.我没有买这件衬衣因为它太贵。

22.(P5,2b,2段8行)enough(足够的)与名词连用,一般放在名词前

他有足够的钱。(money为名词)

enough(足够的enough放在后面。

为形容词)

23.(倒数4忘记已经做过某事(已经做完)

to do sth.忘记去做某事(还未做)(forget的过去式为forgot)

Don’t foget to close the door.不要忘记关上门。(门还未关)

He forgot closing the door.他忘记已经关上门了。(门已经关上,但是他忘了)

24.(P6,2e,5行)another+数字+可数名词单数或复数:额外多少某物

He ate one apple,he wanted another two apples.他吃了一个苹果,还想再要两个。

25.(P8,self check,2,6行)so+形容词+that+句子:如此?以至于?

too+形容词+to do sth:太?以至于不能?

形容词+enough to do sth:足够?能够做某事(注意三个句型有时可以互换)

He is so young that he can′t go to school.他如此年轻以至于不能去上学。

= He is too young to go to school. 他太年轻以至于不能去上学。

= He isn′t old enough to go to school.

26.(P8,self check,2,7行)tell sb (not) to do sth:告诉某人(不要)做某事

My mother often tells us not to play in the street.我的妈妈经常告诉我不要在街上玩。

Unit 2 How often do you exercise?

本单元的话题:谈论生活习惯,复习一般现在时。

本单元的语法:1.复习一般现在时;2.学习表示频率副词的用法。

主要频率副词的等级排序:always(总是) > usually (通常) > often(经常) > sometimes(有时) > hardly ever(很少) > never(从不)

这些副词在句子中的位置,一般放在助动词、be动词或情态动词之后,行为动词之前。即:“行”前“助(系)”后。 Peter is always late for school. Peter上学总是迟到。

I usually do my homework in the evening. 我通常在晚上做作业。

提问 always, sometimes, twice a day 等频率副词,用 How often I watch TV every day.我每天都看电视→How often do you watch TV?(你多长时间看一次电视?)

本单元的短语和知识点:

1.(P9,图片、1a) on weekends在周末 go to the movies去看电影help with housework帮助做家务 how often多久一次 hardly ever几乎从不

2.(P10,2a至2d) 2a:once a week每周一次 twice a week每周两次 every day每天 2c:use the Internet用互联网

2d: be free有空Are you free on weekends?你周末有空吗?

swing dance摇摆舞 have dance and piano lessons上舞蹈和钢琴课 play tennis打网球

How about?? ?怎么样?/ ?好不好?(后跟名词\代词\V ing)(用来提出意见或征求对方建议)

I like apples,how about you ?我喜欢苹果,你呢?(apple,名词,苹果)(how about =what about) How about going shopping this afternoon?今天下午去购物怎么样?(go为动词)

3.(P11,语法表格)go shopping购物

4.(P11,3a) stay up late熬夜at least至少go to bed early早点睡觉play sports进行体育活动

5.(P11,3b)after school 放学后

6.(P12,1b)want sth:需要某物 He wants a new pen.他想要一支新钢笔。

want to do sth:想做某事 He wants to watch TV after school.放学后他想去看电视。

want sb to do sth:让某人做某事 My mother wants me get up early.妈妈让我早起。

7.(P12,1b)be good for对??有好处 be bad for 对??有害处

Swimming is good for our health.游泳对我们的健康有好处。

Watching TV is bad for our eyes.看电视对我们的眼睛有害处。

8. (P13,2a) play computer games打电子游戏go camping去野营

9.(P13,2b,1行)ask sb about sth:问某人某事

My parents often ask me about my study.我的父母经常问我的学习情况。

10. (P13,2b,1段1行)in one’s spare time在某人业余时间

He studies English in his spare time.他在业余时间学习英语。

11.(P13,2b)”数字+percent of+名词”做主语时,后面的单词取决于名词的情况。若名词为复数,后面的动词用复数形式;若名词为单数或不可数名词,后面的动词用单数形式。

In our class ,twenty of students are boys.在我们班,百分之二十的学生为男生。

Thirty of water is dirty.百分之三十的水是脏的。

12.(P13,2b,2段3行)not?at all:一点儿也不 (not构成否定句)

I don’t like the movie at all.我一点也不喜欢这部电影。

13.(P13,2b,3段)go online上网

14.(P13,2b,3段)the answer to+名词:?的答案 the answer to the question这个问题的答案

15.(P13,2b,4段) the most popular最受欢迎的

although(虽然)不能与but连用,但可以与yet ,still 连用。

Although it is dark ,they are still working.虽然天黑了,但他们仍在工作。

Although he is old ,he is quite strong.他虽然年龄大了,但身体很健壮。

16.(P13,2b,5段1行)the (best) way to do sth: 做某事的(最好)方式

The best way to learn English is speaking English.学习英语的最好方法是说英语.

17.(P13,2b,5段2行) such as比如 (后跟名词或名词短语)for example 例如(后跟句子) He likes fruits,such as apples,bananas and so on.他喜欢水果,例如苹果、香蕉等。

He has some good ways to study English,for example ,he often listens to tapes.他有许多好的方法学习英语,例如,他经常听磁带。

18.(P13,2b,5段4行) old habits die hard积习难改。

19.(P15,3a)more than (=over)超过,多余go to the dentist去看牙医

Unit 3 I'm more outgoing than my sister.

本单元的话题:谈论事物对比,学习形容词比较级。

本单元的语法:学习形容词比较级。(语法:见课本第113页至115页)

本单元出现的形容词和副词的比较级有:

long—longer(长的),tall--taller(高的)fast—faster(更快),funny—funnier(更有趣)

friendly—friendlier(更友好),early—earlier(更早),lazy—lazier(更懒惰), high—higher(更高), hard—harder(更努力) ,quiet—quieter(更安静,更内向),

smart—smarter(更聪明)loud —louder(更响亮),good\well--better (更好) many\much—more (更多),popular—more popular(更受欢迎)loudly—more loudly(更响亮) outgoing--more outgoing(更外向/更开朗), hard-working—more hard-working(更努力)clearly—more clearly(更清楚)serious—more serious(更严肃)

形容词和副词的比较级讲解:

1.比较级表示两个人或物的比较。所用的句型为“比较级+than”(比?更?),若than前后所使用的的动词相同时,通常用助动词代替后面的动词,后面的动词或助动词可以省略。注意比较的对象必须性质相同。I am taller than my brother.我比我的弟弟高。

He is more outgoing than me.他比我外向。

2.比较级前,可以用much(更?,多得多?),a lot(更?,多得多?),even(更?,多得多?),a little(稍微)来表示程度。I am a little thinner than my sister.我比我的妹妹稍微瘦。 She is much more beautiful than her sister.她比她的妹妹更漂亮。

本单元的短语和知识点:

1.(P17,图片)play+the +乐器play the drums打鼓

比较play +球类 play basketball打篮球

both?and?两者都(后面的动词用复数形式)Both Tom and Jim are students. 汤姆和吉姆都是学生。

2.(P18,2d) the singing competition 歌咏比赛 the most important 最重要的

3.(P20,1a)be good at+名词\代词\V ing:擅长,在某方面做得好

He is good at math.他擅长数学(math为名词)I am good at playing basketball.我擅长打篮球。(play为动词)

4.(P20,1a)make sb do sth:让某人做某事He makes me help him.他让我帮助他。

5.(P20,1b)the same as与?相同His book is the same as my book.他的书与我的书一样。

6. (P20,1b)be talented in sth:在某方面有天赋He is talented in music.他在音乐方面有天赋。

7.(P21,2b,1段2行)be like:像? The books are like friends.书像朋友。

8.(P21,2b,1段)make friends (with sb):(和某人)交朋友

He often makes friends with children.他经常和孩子们交朋友.

enjoy doing sth:喜欢做某事 Tom enjoys reading.汤姆喜欢读书。

9.(P21,2b,2段)be different from与?不同My brother is different from me.我弟弟与我不一样。

10.(P21,2b,2段)help sb to (do) sth:帮助某人做某事

常与help sb with sth(在某方面帮助某人)互换He often helps me (to) learn English.他经常帮助我学习英语。= He often helps me with my English.他经常在英语方面帮助我。 help (to) do sth:帮助做某事He often helps( to)cook at home.他经常在家帮助做饭。

11.(P21,2b,3段)care about关心

My parents often care about my study.我的父母亲经常关心我的学习.

12.(P22,2d)比较级表示最高级常用:

比较级 +than +the other+可数名词复数

=比较级+than +any other+可数名词单数(用于一范围内一个与余下进行比较) 例如: He is the tallest student in our class .(最高级)在我们班他是最高的学生。

= He is taller than any other student in our class.

= He is taller than the other students in our class.在我们班,他比其他的学生高。

(在我们班,他与他之外的其他的同学进行比较)

shanghai is the biggest city in china.上海是中国最大的城市。

=

=

13.(P24,4)be good with sb:与某人相处很好

The teacher is good with students.这位老师与学生相处很好。

14.(P24,4)information (n.消息,信息)不可数名词

Unit 4 What's the best movie theater?

本单元的话题:谈论事物对比, 学习形容词和副词的最高级。

本单元的语法:学习形容词和副词的最高级。

1.形容词和副词的最高级常用于表示三者或三者以上进行比较,后面可用of或in短语表示比较的范围。He is the tallest in his class.在他那个班,他是最高的。

Tom studies (the) best of the three students.在这三个学生中汤姆学习最好

2.形容词和副词的最高级前常常有the(副词的最高级前的the可以省略),例如:

He is the tallest student in our class.在我们班他是最高的学生。(tall为形容词,the不能省) 汤姆在他那个学校跑得最快。(fast为副词修饰动词run,the可以省略)

Tom runs (the) fastest in his school.

3.比较级也可以表示最高级的含义,见Unit3,12讲解。

本单元出现的形容词和副词的最高级有:

good(好)—best,bad\badly(坏的)—worst,frest(新鲜的)—frestest, big(大)—biggest fast(快的)--fastest new(新的)—newest cheap(便宜的)—cheapest funny(有趣的)- funniestclose(近的)—closest short(矮的)—shortest quiet(安静的,内向的)—quietest expensive(昂贵的)—most expensive,popular(受欢迎的)—most popular,quikcly(快地)—most quikclybeautiful(美丽的)—most beautiful, comefortable(舒服的)—most comefortable cheaply(便宜地)—most cheaply carefully(仔细地,细心地)—most carefully boring(无聊的)—most boring exciting(令人兴奋的)—most exciting interesting(令人感兴趣的)—most interesting serious(严肃的,认真的)—most serious creative(有创造力的)—most creative, talented(有天赋的)—most talented

本单元的短语和知识点:

1.(P26,2d,2行)welcome to+地点:欢迎来到某地 Welcome to our school.欢迎来我校。

2.(P27语法表)What do you think of sth?=How dou you like sth?你认为...怎么样?

What do you think of the book?你认为这本书怎么样? It is boring.很无聊。

3.(P29,2b,1段2行)watch sb do sth:看见某人做了某事(= see sb do sth )

I watched him play basketball yesterday.昨天我看见他打篮球了。

4.(P29,2b,1段3行)比较级别 +and+比较级:越来越?

(若比较级为more+形容词原级,则为:more and more形容词原级)

The buildings are taller and taller.楼房越来越高。

Our school is getting more and more beautiful.我们的学校正在变得越来越漂亮。

5.(P29,2b,1段末行)around the world全世界=all over the world,such as 例如

Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show?

本单元的话题:谈论自己对天使节目或电影的喜好,学会表达自己的感受。

本单元的语法:复习一般现在时。

篇三:初二英语语法重点整理

初二英语语法语法.txt恨一个人和爱一个人的区别是:一个放在嘴边,一个藏在心里。人生三愿:一是吃得下饭,二是睡得着觉,三是笑得出来。一、 一般现在时

1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

2.时间状语: Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month?), once a week(day, year, month?), on Sundays,

3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)

4.否定形式:主语+am/is/are +not+其他; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't, 如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。

6.例句:It seldom snows here.这里很少下雪。

He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于帮助别人。

Action speaks louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。

二、 一般过去时

1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month?), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.

3.基本结构:主语+动词或be的过去时+名词

4.否定形式:主语+was/were +not+其他;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。

6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。

I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是这么忙。

三、 一般将来时

1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.时间状语:Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year?),soon, in a few minutes, by?,the day after tomorrow, etc.

3.基本结构:主语+am/is/are +going to + do+其它;主语+will/shall + do+其它

4.否定形式:主语+am/is/are not going to do ;主语+will/shall not do+其它

5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。

6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将有一场比赛和我们一起研究。

It is going to rain.天要下雨了。

四、 一般过去将来时

1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。

2.时间状语:The next day (morning, year?),the following month(week?),etc.

3.基本结构:主语+was/were +going to + do+其它;主语+would/should + do+其它

4.否定形式:主语+was/were+not + going to + do; 主语+would/should + not + do.

5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。

6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说他第二天要去北京。

I asked who was going there.我问,谁要去那里。

五、 现在进行时

1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

2.时间状语:Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen

3.基本结构:主语+be +doing +其它

4.否定形式:主语+be +not +doing+其它

5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。

6.例句:How are you feeling today?你今天感觉如何?

He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。

六、 过去进行时

1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

3.基本结构 主语+was/were +doing +其它

4.否定形式:主语+was/were + not +doing+其它

5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写)

6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段时间她在人民解放军部队工作。 When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他进来时,我正在读报纸。

七、 将来进行时

1.概念:表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时间开始,并继续下去的动作。常用来表示询问、请求等。

2.时间状语:Soon, tomorrow, this evening,on Sunday, by this time,in two days, tomorrow evening

3.基本结构:主语+shall/will + be +现在分词+其它

4.否定形式:主语+shall/will + not + be +现在分词+其它

5.例句:This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的这个时间,他们正坐在电影院。

He won’t be coming to the party.他不去参加聚会了。

八、 过去将来进行时

1.概念:表示就过去某一时间而言,将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作,主要用于宾语从句中,尤其多用于间接引语中。

2.基本结构:should/would + be +现在分词

3.例句:They said they would be coming.他们说了他们将要来。

He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.他说他不能来因为要开会。

九、 现在完成时

1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.时间状语:yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点,for+时间段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.

3.基本结构:主语+have/has +p.p(过去分词)+其它

4.否定形式:主语+have/has + not +p.p(过去分词)+其它

5.一般疑问句:have或has。

6.例句:I've written an article.我已经写了一篇论文

The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.在过去的几年,农村发生了巨大的变化。

十、 过去完成时

1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完

成的行为,即“过去的过去”。

2.时间状语:Before, by the end of last year (term, month?), etc.

3.基本结构:主语+had + p.p(过去分词)+其它 4.否定形式:主语+had + not +p.p(过去分词)+其它

5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。

6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.当我们到车站的时候,火车已经开走了。

By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books.到上个月底。我们有了四本书。 基本结构:主语+had+p.p(过去分词)+其它

①肯定句:主语+ had+p.p(过去分词)+其它

②否定句:主语+ had+ not+p.p(过去分词)+其它

③一般疑问句:Had+主语+p.p(过去分词)+其它

④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

十一、 将来完成时

1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态

2.时间状语:by the time of; by the end of+时间短语(将来);by the time+从句(将来)

3.基本结构:主语+be going to/will/shall + have+p.p(过去分词)+其它

4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回来的时候,就将发生巨大的变化。

十二、 过去将来完成时

1.概念:表示在过去某一时间对将来某一时刻以前所会发生的动作,常用在虚拟语气中,表示与过去的事实相反。

2.基本结构:should/would have done sth.

3.例句:I thought you'd have left by this time.我想这会儿你已经走了。

He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock.他告诉他们他会在8点以前干完。 十三、 现在完成进行时

1.概念:表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。

2.基本结构:主语+have/has +been +doing+其它

3.时间状语:since+时间点,for+时间段等。

4.例子:I have been sitting here for an hour.我已经在这里坐了一个小时。

The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.从6点起,孩子们一直看电视。 十四、 过去完成进行时

1.概念:表示某个正在进行的动作或状态,持续到过去某个时刻,还未完成,一直持续到之后的当前才结束。

2.基本结构:主语+ had + been + doing +其它

3.例子:She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。

Had they been expecting the news for some time?他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧?

4.特殊含义:①尚未完成:He had been writing the novel.他已经在写小说了。(他没写完) ②企图:He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾经学习过这个谚语。(他曾努力学习过它)

③未得结果:We had been studying what our enemy had said.我们一直致力于敌人所说的。(但是我们没有理解)

④最近情况:He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一场架。(最近) ⑤反复动作:He had been asking me the same question.他一直问我相同的问题。(屡次) ⑥情绪:What had he been doing?他做了什么?(不耐烦)

十五、 将来完成进行时

1.概念:表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去,要视上下文而定。

2.基本结构:shall/will have been doing

3.例子:I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底,我将在这个工厂工作20年了。

If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱们如不快一点儿,等我们到了那儿,店门就会关了。

十六、 过去将来完成进行时

1.概念:表示从过去某时看至未来某时以前会一直在进行的动作。

2.基本结构:should/would + have + been +现在分词

3.例子:He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告诉我,到年底时,他就在那住了30年了。


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