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英语中基数词与序数词的区别和用法

2017-02-24 06:02:53 来源网站: 百味书屋

篇一:英语基数词和序数词专题

数词

一、基数词和序数词(cardinal and ordinal numbers): 基数词表示数目,序数词表示顺序。

1. 基数词

(1)1-12 特殊记; 13-19 要加-teen;几十-ty做结尾;几十几更易记。

(2)注意13 thirteen, 15 fifteen, 18 eighteen, 20 twenty, 30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty的书写。

(3)hundred 百, thousand 千,million 百万, billion十亿的用法相似e.g.

Hundred: one/ two/several hundred; hundreds of … 成百上千…

2. 序数词:

(1)基数词变序数词的口诀:基变序,有规律,结尾加上-th;一、

二、三特数记;八去t,九去e;-ve要用-f替;单词-ty做结尾,变-y为i,再加-eth.

(2)注意1 first, 2second , 3third, 5 fifth, 8 eighth, 9 ninth的拼写。

二、分数、小数、百分数(fracctions、Decimals、Percentage)

1.分数:

分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,中间的连字号可用不可用。当分子大于1时,作分母的序数词用复数形式。e.g.

二分之一 a/one-half 三分之一 a/one third

四分之一 a/one-fourth 二又五分之一 two and one-fifth

2.小数:

读法:在小数点后,我们单独读出每个数字。小数点读作point。

小数点中的零读作zero, nought或o/??/ e.g.

.3 point three 7.145 seven point one four five

36.36 thirty-six point three six

3. 百分数

百分数用基数词或小数与百分号两部分构成。e.g.

20% twenty percent47% forty-seven percent

30.45% thirty point four five percent

三、日期和年份的表示(date and year)

on May 27 读作:On May (the) twenty-seventh

on 27th May 读作:On the twenty-seventh of May

in 1993 读作:in nineteen thirty-three

in 20ll 读作:in two thousand and eleven

四、时间和钟点表示:

7:15 读作 seven fifteen / a quarter past seven

5:30 读作 five thirty/half past five

6:55 读作 six fifty-five /five(minutes) to seven

9:10 读作 nine ten a.m.

at 8:00 读作 at eight 或 at eight o’clock

五、年龄表示:

1. 基数词+表示年龄单位的词+old, 口语中常可省略years old. e.g. The girl is only three (years old.)

2. age(名词或动词) She was then forty years of age. /she was then

aged forty(years).

“at the age of +基数词”表示“在…岁时”,通常作状语。e.g. Julie can swim at the age of eight.

3.“基数词-year-old”的复合形容词,意为“…岁的”,一般作定语修饰名词。e.g.

Sandy is a six-year-old child.

4. in one’s +整十基数词的复数形式:这一结构表示“在某人几十多岁时“。e.g.

My grandfathr died in his nineties.

teens 表示 “十多岁”(13-19岁)。e.g.

The boy was in his teens. 这男孩只有十多岁。

He is not yet out of his teens. 他还不满20岁。

六、数学运算表达(Arithmetic Expressuib )

Add 3 and 9. 3 plus 9 equals/is 13

Subtract 3 from 9. 9 minus 3 equals/is 6.

Multiply 3 by 9. 3 multiplied by 9 equals/is 9

Divide 9 by 3 9 divided by 3 equals/is 3.

+plus(介词)/ -minus (介词) / × multiplied(形容词性质的过去分词) / ÷ divided (形容词性质的过去分词)

+add(动词)/ -subtract(动词) / × multiply(动词) / ÷ divide(动词)

【易错点提示】

1. 分数和百分数做主语时,谓语的单复数取决其后面of结构中的名

词。注意区别下面两句话:

2. 基数词可以用在有连字符的合成形容词中,注意其中的名词前无冠词。e.g.

a two-day holiday=two days’ holiday

a ten-minute walk=ten minutes’ walk

有连词符的复合形容词在剧中只能充当定语,不能作表语。

3. 在20世纪30年代:in the 1930s

在30年代:in the 30s

在某人30几岁时:in one’s thirties

4. 注意下面的不同表达方式:

Lesson Twelve = the Twelfth Lesson

Gate Five= The Fifth Gate

Class one/Grade(Two)two=the ninth grade/ page nine/ Room 401/Channel Eight

5. 序数词在表示地名时的用法: Fifth Avenue (序数词前无冠词)

6. 序数词用在奖项前面的用法:win first prize (序数词前无冠词)

7. 序数词表示在原来数字的基础上的 “再、又”的用法:

I have had two cakes. I want to have a third one.

8. 一次:once两次:twice 三次: three times

9. 倍数的表达:

(1)“倍数+形容词/副词的比较级+than”表示“比??大几倍”e.g.This rope is three times longer than that one.

(2)“倍数+as+形容词/副词+as”表示“?是?的几倍”e.g.

It is five times as big as Europe.

The poison of the killer bee is twice as dangerous as the poison of other bees.

(3)“倍数+表度量的名词(size,length,width)+of?”表示“?是?的几倍”。e.g.

The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.

【真题典藏】

1. Linton is interested in Chinese history and this is his _____ visit to Beijing. (four) (2008年中考第61题)

2. Eric, the _______ son of the family, has a special interest in physics.(three) (2009年中考题59题)

3.Alex is ______ years old and is taken good care of in the kindergarten. (fourth)(2010年中考题58题)

【实战演练】

1.The TV news reported the celebration of the old man’s _______birthday. (hundred )

2. Could you tell me if you live on the ______floor of that highrise? (twelve)

3. Please open your book at page________. Let’s read the text. (fifth)

篇二:基数词与序数词的用法

基数词与序数词的用法

基数词

A.从1——10one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten.

B.从 11——19eleven,twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen,eighteen, nineteen.

这里除 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fifteen, eighteen为特殊形式外,

fourteen,sixteen,seventeen,nineteen都是由其个位数形式后添加后缀-teen构成。

C.从 21——99

整数几十中除twenty,thirty, forty,fifty,eighty为特殊形式外,sixty,seventy,ninety都是其个位数形式后添加后缀-ty构成。表示几十几时,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符“-”

21 twenty-one76 seventy-six

D.百位数 648 six hundred and forty-eight

E.千位数以上 ,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight

F.基数词在表示确切的数字时,不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式;但是,当基数词表示不确切数字,如成百、成千上万,三三两两时,基数词则以复数形式出现。

There are hundreds of people in the hall. 里有数以百计的人。

Thousands and thousands of people come to visit the Museum of Qin Terra-Cotta Warriors and Horses every day. 每天有成千上万的人来参观秦兵马涌博物馆。 They went to the theatre in twos and threes. 他们三三两两地来到了剧院。

G.表示人的不确切岁数或年代,用几十的复数形式表示。

He became a professor in his thirties.

他三十多岁时成为了教授。

基数词变序数词的口诀

基变序,有规律,

词尾加上th,(fourth,sixth)

一,二,三,特殊例,

结尾字母t,d,d;(first,second,third)

八去t,九去e,(eighth,ninth)

ve要用f替;(fifth,twelfth)

ty将y改成i,

th前面有个e;

若要碰到几十几,

前用基来后用序。

1st(first) , 2nd (second) , 3rd (third), 4th (fourth), 5th (fifth), 6th (sixth), 7th (seventh), 8th (eighth), 9th (ninth), 10th (tenth), 11th (eleventh), 12th (twelfth), 13th (thirteenth), 14th (forteenth), 15th (fifteenth),

16th (sixteenth), 17th (seventeenth), 18th (eighteenth), 19th (nineteenth), 20th (twentieth), 21st (twenty-first), 22nd (twenty-second),

23rd (twenty-third), 24th (twenty-fourth), 25th (twenty-fifth),

26th (twenty-sixth), 27th (twenty-seventh), 28th (twenty-eighth), 29th (twenty-ninth), 30th (thirtieth), 31st (thirty-first)

篇三:基数词和序数词的用法

基数词: 表示人或事物数量多少的词.

序数词: 表示人或事物的顺序的词.

一. 基数词.

1.基数词的读法.

1)1---12 : one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve

2)13---19: 词尾加-teen :thirteen fourteen fifteensixteen

seventeen eighteen nineteen

3)20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90 : 逢十词尾加-ty :

twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninety4)21----99: 在十位与个位之间加连字符构成.

21--- twenty-one 99---ninety-nine

5)101---999 :先说几百, 再加and ,再加末尾两位数或个位数.

101---one hundred and one 238----two hundred and thirty-eight

6)1000以上的数:先将数字从右往左数,每三位数用一个逗号隔开, 从右往左第一个逗号表示 “千”读thousand 第二个逗号表示 “百万”读million 第三个逗号表示 “十亿”读billion

18,657,421---

eighteen million ,six hundred and fifty-seven thousand ,four hundred and twenty-one.

Exercise: 写出下列数字

二. 序数词

基数词变序数词

口诀: 基变序,有规律,词尾要加th .

一二三,特殊记,词尾分别tdd (first second third )

八去t , 九去e, ve要用f替. ty变作tie,再加th莫忘记.

若遇几十几,只变个位就可以. 1. 表示顺序的词为序数词。序数词大多由基数词加-th构成:

forth(第四)tenth(第十)thirteenth(第十三)

有些序数词有特别的形式:

1)first(第一),second(第二),third(第三)

2)fifth(第五),eighth(第八),ninth(第九),twelfth(第十二)

3)以y结尾的词,变y为i,再加-eth,如:

twentieth(第二十),thirtieth(第三十),fortieth(第四十)

4)两位数的词,十位数不变,个位数用相关的序数词:

twenty-fourth(第二十四), thirty-first(第三十一),

forty-second(第四十二),ninety-ninth(第九十九)

2. 序数词主要用作定语,前面一般加定冠词:

She is the third child. 她是第三个孩子。

Their office is on the twelfth floor. 他们的办公室在第十二层楼。序数词有时用缩写形式:

They took the elevator to the 85th floor. 他们坐电梯到85层楼。

We celebrated the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Republic.

我们庆祝了共和国成立六十周年。

Exercise:

把下列基数词改成序数词。 onetwo three fivenineeight fourteentwentythirty-five


英语中基数词与序数词的区别和用法》出自:百味书屋
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