篇一：现在完成时的句型、用法及例句
现在完成时
一． 构成
助动词 have/has + 过去分词
例:肯定句 I have worked.He has worked.
否定句 I have not (haven't ) worked. He has not (hasn't )worked . 疑问句 Have you worked ? Has he worked ?
回答Yes，I have. / No , I haven't . Yes, he has./ No, he hasn't.
二． 功能及意义
1. 但没有具体的过去时间修饰。常由下列副词修饰： ever曾经， never从不， already已经， yet还（未），（yet只用在否定句和疑问句中）， just刚刚， recently，lately近来， so far 迄今为止= until now, up to now， before 以前
例：Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 你曾经去过长城吗？
I have never heard of such a man.我从没有听说过那个人。
We have just had lunch 我们刚刚吃过午饭
I have already returned your money.我已经把钱还给你了。
I haven't found my book yet. （否）我还没有找到笔记本
Have you done your homework yet?（疑） 你做作业了吗？
Have you heard from him recently ? 你最近收到他的来信了吗？
So far, no one has made any mistakes yet.迄今为止 还没有人犯错误 I have never traveled by plane before .我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过
2 表示一个动作发生在过去，一直持续到现在刚刚结束或者仍在继续。常常与下列时间状语连用：
→for + 一段时间
I have learned English for 8 years
→since + 过去的一个时间点
I have learned English since 2001
→since + 一段时间+ ago
I have learned English since 8 years ago
→since + 时态为一般过去时的时间状语从句
I have learned English since I was 5 years old
→ in the past/last +时间段
We have had two English exams in the past two months近两个月来我们进行了2次英语考试
Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years 近十年来我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
三 延续性动词与短暂性动词的用法
?现在完成时中， 与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。
我离开这所学校已经八年了。
误 ： I have left this school for eight years（×）
他借用我的词典已经两天了
误： He has borrowed my dictionary for two days（×）
?非延续动词与一段时间连用时，可做相应转化
因此?中例句正确形式分别为
我离开这所学校已经八年了。
正 ： I have been away from this school for eight years（√）
他借用我的词典已经两天了
正： He has kept my dictionary for two days（√）
其它非延续性动词与时间段连用时的变形
buy→haveborrow→ keep,
fall asleep →be asleep leave →be away
begin →be on die →be dead,
join→ be in或be a member of return→ be back
come/arrive→ be in get up →be up,
marry →be marriedcatch a cold→ have a cold
?在否定句中短暂性动词可与段时间连用
I haven't gone to see him for several months（ 我已经好几个月没有去看他了） I haven't bought anything for two months
四 区分
? have been to +地点; 表示去过某个地方（已经回来），常与ever, never ,几次，等连用
?have gone to +地点: 表示到地方去了（还没回来）
?have been in+地点： 表示到了某个地方（多久了），常与 for + 段时间连用
比较：He has been to China twice(曾经去过,现在不在中国）
He has gone to China 他到中国去了.（他可能已在去中国的路上，或已到中国，总之，现在不在这里）
He has been in China for two years(他到中国已经两年了）
五 对完成时的提问用 how long.....? 不能用 when... ?
六 现在完成时常用句型
1 It is the first/second time....that....结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时
It is the first time that I have visited the city
这是我第一次参观这座城市
It is the third time that the boy has been late
这是这个男生第三次迟到了
2 This is the... that.. 结构，that 从句要用现在完成时
This is the best film that I 've (ever) seen
这是我看过的最好的电影
This is the first time that I've heard him sing
这是我第一次听他唱歌
3 It is / It has been + 时间段+ since ...
It has been/ It's 5 years since we last met.
自从上一次我们相遇到现在已经是五年了
It's / It has been 3 months since the man died 那人死去3个月了
4 一段时间+ 完成时结构+ since 引导的时间状语从句
Two years has passed since I came here.
七 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last night, three weeks ago, in 1998 等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和表示过去的时间状语连用
I have seen the film 我看过这部电影（我了解这部电影的内容）
I saw the film last week 我上周看了这部电影（只说明shangxingqi
篇二：现在完成时-教学设计(全英文 超详细)
Ⅰ.Teaching aims:
1. Knowledge:
a. The structure of the present perfect tense.
b. The usages of present perfect tense.
2. Ability:
a. Enable students to use the correct tense in their writing and speaking.
b. Enable students to use the right words in the present perfect tense.
3. Feelings and attitude:
a. Let the students know the importance of English grammar.
b. Try to build up students’ confidence in themselves
c. Encourage students to speak English in public.
Ⅱ. Important Points:
a. let the students understands the usages of present perfect tense.
b. The differences between past simple tense and present perfect tense.
Ⅲ. Difficult Points:
Help students use present perfect tense with verbs to describe events happen at a particular point in time and to describe events that can continue over a period of time.
Ⅳ.Teaching methodology:
The New Senior English Curriculum Standards aims education for all students and stressed quality-oriented education. The main task of education is to stimulate and cultivate students’ interest and their confidence in learning the language, help them develop good learning habits and form effective learning strategies, facilitate autonomy and cooperative spirit in learning ; enable students to master basic English language knowledge and skills in listening, speaking, reading and writing.
According to the new standards, the students should be the center of the class and the teacher serves as a controller, organizer, participant, or resource-provider most times. Considered with the characteristic of the teaching contents and the learners, I will apply explanation and practicing in my teaching. Most of the usages will be summarized by students themselves.
Ⅴ.Teaching aids
A computer, a projector, black board, chalks
Ⅵ. Teaching procedures:
Step1. Revision & lead-in (2min)
1.Invite students to read sentences using present perfect tense they have found before the class.
S1: I’ve seen quite a lot of China.
S2: I’ve visited some beautiful cities.
S3: They have just completed it.
S4: ...
2. Show some sentences on the board.
1). They have put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently.
2). My wife’s just bought a beautiful dress from one of the shops there.
3). It’s got some really pretty parks.
4). A friend’s told me about a nice fish restaurant.
Step2. Present perfect tense
1. The structure of present perfect tense.
After reading these sentences, ask students to find the structure of these sentences with present perfect tense.
1). have/has+done
2). have/has+not+done
3). Have/has+been+done
2. The usage of present perfect tense
Play the flash (a pig and his mom), and tell students to recall the main usages of this tense.
Q: the story happens in the past, but the pig and his mom use present perfect tense to describe it, can you tell me the reason?
Draw a time line on the blackboard:
1). Usage1: “完成用法”
①强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常用状语有：already, yet, never, ever, just, before ...
E.g.1. I have just cleaned my hands.
E.g.2. I have lost my wallet.
E.g.3. I have already finished my homework. I am free.
②Show the following sentences and have students summarize the difference between the past simple tense and present perfect tense.
He has already read that book. (说明他现在知道那本书的内容)
He read that book last year. (只说明他去年读过那本书 )
He has gone to America. (他现在不在此地, 在美国)
He went to America eight weeks ago. (只说明他去过美国)
summary：一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在情况无关，常用时间状语为yesterday, last year, in the past等，而现在完成时与现在有关。 ③show two pictures and guide students to describe them with present perfect tense.
E.g.1. He has just lost his job.
E.g.2. She has just got the letter .
2). Usage2: “未完成用法”
表动作或状态已开始，持续到现在，可能还会继续进行下去，常用时间状语since+时间段ago/时间点/从句, for+时间段,since then,ever since,so far,up to now.
E.g.1. I have lived here since 2003.
E.g.2. I have studied English for seven years.
E.g.3. Up to the present everything has been successful.
E.g.4. He has stayed here since 5 hours ago.
Step3. Two kinds of verbs
1. The definitions
1). Lead in this part by asking students a question:
Q: the pig said “It’s died for a couple of days” first, then he changed it to “It’s been dead for a couple of days”, do you know the reason why the first sentence is wrong?现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，短暂性动词的现在完成时的肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
2). Show two groups of words and lead students to get the definitions.
①短暂性动词: 表示短暂的运动状态（瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词).(start, begin, come, go, leave, arrive, reach, join, marry, open, close, give, lend, borrow, finish, break, see, hear, notice, find, understand, die ...)
②延续性动词:表示持续的行为或状态的动词,能和表示一段时间的状语连用.(be, keep, have, live, study, work, teach, stay, read, play, fly, talk, rain, run...)
2. Replacement of these two kinds of verbs
Help students know the corresponding verb of verb describing events happen at a particular point in time with a group of correction exercises.
1) She has bought the computer for two years.(buy---have)
2) Ann has gone to China since six months ago.(come/go to---be in; leave---be away)
3) My brother has joined the army for five years.(join---be in/ a member of)
4) I have borrowed the dictionary since 3 days ago. (borrow---keep)
5) The film has begun for 10 minutes.(begin/start---be on)
6) The match has finished for half an hour.(finish---be over)
7) His dog has died for two years.(die---be dead; marry---be married)
Step4. Exercises
Show the exercises on the board and have students do them together.
1. The old worker _____ in our factory for 30 years.
A.had workedB. has workedC. workedD. works
2. It___ten years since they____to France.
A. was; moved B. was; have moved C. is; has moved D. is; moved
3. --- How are you today?
--- Oh, I ____ as ill as I do today for a very long time.
A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling
C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt
4. It is the third time you __ late this week.
A. had arrived B. arrived C. have arrivedD. are arriving
5. we _____more than 3000 trees in the past three years.
A. plant B. PlantedC. had plantedD.have planted
6. Mr. Wang isn't here. He _____the station to see his friend off.
A. has been in B. has been to
C. has gone in D. has gone to
7. --- ___ Tom and Lucy ___ married?
--- For about three years.
A. How long have; been
B. How long have; got
C. How long were; being
D. How long did; get
Step 5. Summary & homework
1. Summary.
After finishing the exercises, let several students stand up and repeat what they have learned this class, then if necessary, the teacher adds something they missed.
2. Homework
Complete the activity2 on Page34, and the grammar part in the exercise book (Page43).
篇三：现在完成时讲解及练习
现在完成时
1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开
始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构：have/has + done 4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句：have或has提前
对于初接触现在完成时的人来说，往往会产生一种茫然，因为它似乎与一般过去
时相似。那就是，这两种时态描述的动作都始于过去。其实不然，现在完成时主
要表示，发生在过去的动作延续到现在刚刚完成、或许还要延续；侧重于这个动
作对现在带来的结果、产生的影响、积累的总和等等。而一般过去时则只不过是
表示动作发生在过去的什么时候。弄清了这一区别，就很容易理解现在完成时了。
它主要适用于下面的几种情况：
1）表示截止现在业已完成的动作
By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到现在为止，我已收集到了我
所需的全部资料。
She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150页。
2）表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作
Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗？
3）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续
It has been five years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。
1)一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思，以及它所处的语
言环境。例如：
He speaks English .（一般现在时，说明动作发生的经常性。）
He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .（一般过去时，说明动作发生
的时间。）
He is speaking English.（现在进行时，说明动作正在进行。）
He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.（现在完成时，
这里说明动作的总和。）
He has been speaking English since he came to the USA. （现在完成进行时，
强调动作的连续性。）
2）在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的谓语
动词是一般将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时；
如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时
来表示过去将来时。
例如：I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.
I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.
3) 有些动词表示无法持续的动作，它们一般不宜用于进行时态中。这类动
词常见的有：be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know ,
like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste ,
understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。
Be动词若是用于进行时态，可表示暂时、短暂的情况或表现。例如：
Tom is being a good boy today .汤姆今天很乖。
He is being childish .他这样做是耍孩子气。
You are not being modest .你这样说不太谦虚。
4）关于现在完成时的时间状语问题
A. 凡是"完成时态"都表示，不知道也不管动作发生的具体时间, 所以在使用
现在完成时的句子里，不可以带有表示具体过去时间的状语，如：yesterday , last
week ( month , year , etc. ) , two weeks ago , in 1999等；但常和有些副词连用，如：
just , before , already , often , never , ever , not…yet , always等等。
B. 在以when提问的特殊疑问中不能用现在完成时。另外，ago不能用于现
在完成时的句子里，因为它表示从现在算起的以前某个时间，属于表示具体过去
时间的状语。但是可以用before 来表示"以前"的意义，因为它只表示"以前"，而
不知什么时候的以前。
C. 如果是不表示连续性的动词用于现在完成时的句子，不可以和以for表示
的"一段时间"的状语连用。在这种情况下，应该用"It has been … ；since…"的句
式来表达。如：
He has joined the army for five years. （错误）
It has been five years since he joined the army.（正确）
能与现在完成时连用词语很多，如副词just, already, yet, before, ever, recently 等，
但下面是一些典型而且重要的例子：
(1) since(自从)：不管用作介词、连词还是副词, 句子(主句)谓语通常都用现
在完成时：I haven’t seen her since last week. 自上周以来我一直未见过她。
Where have you been since I last saw? 自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了?
【注】有时可用其他时态的情况，但须注意：
① 对于某些表示状态的动词(如 seem 等)，或因语义等方面的原因，有时
可能用一般现在时比较现在完成时更合适：
It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎几年未见面了。
Since when does the $42 plus $5 service charge come to $48? 从什么什候开始
42元加5元的服务费等于48元了?
② 若不是指从过去持续到现在，而是指从较远的过去持续到在一个较近的
过去，则用过去完成时：
Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告诉
我自星期二以来他一直未吃任何东西。(指从星期二至昨天未吃东西)
③ 表示时间长度时，通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时：
It’s ten years since he left here. 他离开这儿已10年了。
(2) so far(到目前为止)：
So far there has been no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。
We haven’t had any trouble so far. 到目前为止，我们还没有遇到任何麻烦。
(3) in [for, during] the past [last] … years(在过去…年中)：
In the past two years I’ve seen him little. 过去两年我很少见到他。
I have been here (for) the last [past] month. 最近一个月里我都在这儿。
【注】在一定的上下文里，若是以过去时间为起点，也可用过去完成时。
(4) up to [until] now(到现在为止)：
Up to now, the work has been easy. 到现在为止这工作还算容易。
I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到现在为止我还没有听到他一点音信。
(5) It’s [will be] the first time that…(第一次…)：
It’s the first time I’ve come here. 这是我第一次来这儿。
参考答案：
一、单项选择。
1、B
2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never
（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。
3、C
4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/"last
+ 一段时间"等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段
时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。
5、C
6、现在完成时时常与"for +时间段或since +过去时间点"连用（含从句，从
句过去时）。故6应选C。7、C
8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several
times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。
9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生
在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态
或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；
现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语
（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B。
10、B
11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间
的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。
12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。
16、"have/has gone to + 地点"表示"某人去了某地（还未回来）"，指主
语所指的人不在这儿。"have/has been in + 地点"表示"在某地呆了多长时间"，
常与表示时间的状语连用。"have/has been to +地点"表示"曾经去过某地（但
现在已不在那儿）。"故16的正确答案为A。
17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C
二、句型转换。
1、has he? 2、How long3、died, has been dead
4、has been open 5、has been away 6、joined；ago
7、It is, since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.
三、汉译英。
1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.
2、He received a letter yesterday.
3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.
4、She hasn't seen the new film yet.
5、She has been to Shanghai.
6、Where has he been these days？
现在完成时练习
一、单项选择
1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _________what's happened
to him .
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have knownＣ. must knowＤ.will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
Ａ. alreadyＢ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
Ａ. justＢ. ago Ｃ.beforeＤ. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written 5、-Our
country ______ a lot so far .
-Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
Ａ. has changed ; wellＢ. changed ; good
Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .Ａ. was ;
studying Ｂ. will ; study
Ｃ. has ; studiedＤ. are ; studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. knowＢ. had knownＣ. have knownＤ. knew 8、Harry
Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. sawＤ.see
9、-These farmers have been to the United States .
-Really ? When _____ there ?
Ａ. will they goＢ. did they go
Ｃ. do they goＤ. have they gone
10、-______ you ___ your homework yet ?
-Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished
Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finishedＤ. will ; do ; finish
11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
12、-Do you know him well ?
- Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have becomeＤ. have made
13、-How long have you ____ here ?
-About two months .
Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been onＤ. began
15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .
Ａ. isＢ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was
16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
Ａ.has gone Ｂ. wentＣ.will goＤ. has been
17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to
Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
18、The students have cleaned the classroom,?
A. so theyB. don't theyC. have theyD. haven't they
19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got
C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work
C. has lived there D. has left the university
二、句型转换
3、The old man _________ last year. He for a year. (die)
（动词填空）
4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
This factory________ for twenty years.
5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to Fra nce.
8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个
句子)
___________________________________________
三、汉译英
4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。
5、 她去过上海。
6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？
《现在完成时》出自：百味书屋
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