篇一：专八人文知识(练习题+答案详解)
专八人文知识（练习题+答案详解）
专八人文知识练习（1）
1. Morphology is a study of ___1___
A. the internal structure of words and the rules that govern their formation
B. the uses of different types of utterances in different contexts
C. the differences between sounds used in human languages and sounds in nature
D. the rules that pertain to all languages throughout the world
2.Which of the following does NOT belong to “open class words”?___2___
A. NounsB. AdjectivesC. ConjunctionsD. Adverbs
3. What is the minimal unit of meaning?___3___
A. PhonemeB. MorphemeC. AllophoneD. Allomorph
4. Which of the following is NOT a free morpheme?___4___
A. bed B. tress C. dance D. children
5. Which of the following is NOT a compound word?___5___
A. Rainbow B. Inaction C. Icy-cold D. Unpleasant
6. ___6___ are bound morphemes because they can not be used as separate words.
A. Roots B. Stems C. Affixes D. Compounds
7.Syntax mainly deals with ___7___
A. how a language changes through time
B. how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation of sentences.
C. how the human work when they use language
D. how a language varies through geographical space
8.Syntactic categories contain the type of ___8___
A. meaning that words express
B. affixes that the words take
C. structures in which the words can occur
D. all of the above
9.Which of the following is NOT the concern of a word category? ___9___
A. A word category can be determined by meaning, inflection and distribution
B. To determine a word’s category by its meaning only is often not reliable.
C. A word category can be embodied directly from its meaning.
D. Distribution is more reliable than the meaning to determine a word’s category.
10. What elements does a phrase contain? ___10___
A. Head, determine and complement.
B. Head, specifier and complement.
C. Head, specifier and complementizer.
D. Head, determiner and complementizer.
参考答案： ACBDDCBDCB
专八人文知识练习（2）
1. Where is Belfast?
A. In Ireland.B. In WalesC. In Northern Ireland.D. In Scotland.
2. The capital of New Zealand is_____
A. Canberra.B. Ottawa. C. Wellington.D. Washington.
3. Which of the following is NOT a U.K. newspaper?
A. The Guardian. B. Christian Science Monitor. C. The Daily Telegraph. D. The Times.
4. The community college is a kind of_____ college popular in_____ to satisfy the needs of both the individual and the society.
A. five-year; U.K. B. four-year; U.K. C. three-year; U.S. D. two-year; U.S.
5. James Joyce was a famous____ whose masterpiece Ulysses has been highly eulogized in the Western literary world as one of the greatest works in the 20th century.
A. Essayist. B. Novelist. C. Poet. D. Playwright.
6. George Gordon Byron was famous for the following works except____
A. Child Harold’s Pilgrimage. B. Queen Mab. C. Hours of Idleness. D. Don Juan.
7. Which of the following is Nathaniel Hawthorne’s most noteworthy novel in the world?
A. Gone with the Wind. B. For Whom the Bell Tolls. C. American Tragedy. D. The Scarlet Letter
8.The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences is______.
A. syntax B. semantics C. morphology D. sociolinguistics
9.Words like “Xerox” and ”Kodak” are formed by____
A. back-formation B. blending C. coinage D. acronym
10.Which of the following is NOT an approach for English language to eich its vocabulary in the past several centuries?
A. Borrowing B. Upgradation C. Narrowing D. Widening
参考答案： CCBDBBDACB
专八人文知识练习（3）
1 _____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.
A Washington D.C. B Los Angeles C San Francisco D New York City
2 _____ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions.
A Blacks B Hispanics C Indians D Asian Americans
3 Washington D.C. is named after___________.
A the U.S. President George Washington
B Christopher Columbus
C both George Washington and Christopher Columbus
D none of them
4 American and British English are two_____ of the English language.
A varieties B elements C parts D form
5 The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______.
A Thomas Jefferson B James Mooe C James Madison D Abraham Lincoln
6 Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_____.
A Rhode Island B Virginia C Texas D Montana
7 The national flag of the United States is known as_____.
A the Star-Spangled Banner B Uncle Sam C Hot Dog D Union Jack
8 The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _____.
A contribution a state has made to the nation
B population
C size
D none of the above
9 The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____.
A the Amazon River B the Mississippi River C the Nile River D the Hudson River
10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_____ as a gift in 1884.
A France B Spain C Italy D Britain
答案详解：
1 D, 纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。
2 A, 黑人在美国的经济和社会地位都最为低下。
3 C, 首都命名为华盛顿是为了纪念美国的第一任总统乔治?华盛顿，而联邦直辖区命名为哥伦比亚特区是为了纪念第一位从欧洲横渡大西洋到达西半球的探险家克里斯多拂?哥伦布。
4 A, 美国英语和英国英语是英语语言的两种变体。
5 D, 美国历史上的第一位共和党总统是亚伯拉罕?林肯。
6 A, 美国国土面积最小的是罗得岛。
7 A, 美国的国旗是星条旗。
8 B, 美国每个州派往众议院的代表人数应与本州人口成比例。
9 B, 美国的“众河之父”指的是密西西比河。
10 A, 美国的自由女神像是法国人赠予的礼物。
专八人文知识练习（4）
1. _____is a folk legend brought to England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes, it is a long poem of over 3000 lines and the national epic of the English people.
A Beowulf
B sir Gawain
C the Canterbury tale
D king Arthur and his knights
2. The father of English poetry, the author of Troilus and Criseyde is also the one of ____.
A Romeo and Juliet
B the faerie queen
C Tamburlainc
D the Canterbury tales
3. The group of Shakespeare plays known as "romance"or "reconciliation plays" is ______.
A merchant of Venice, as you like it
B the tempest, pericles, the winter's tale
C Romeo and Juliet, antonym and Cleopatra
D.the tempest, pericles, the winter's tale,Cymbeline
4. Which of the following are regarded as Shakespeare's four great tragedies?
A Romeo and Juliet, hamlet, Othello, King Lear
B Romeo and Juliet, hamlet, Othello, Macbeth
C hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth
D Romeo and Juliet, Othello, Macbeth, Timon of Athens
5. Which of the following is not the work of Francis bacon?
A advancement of learning
B new instrument
C songs of innocence
D essays
6. At the beginning of 17th century appeared a school of poets called metaphysics by Samuel Johnson, ____is the founder of metaphysical poetry.
A Ben Johnson
B john Milton
C john Bunyan
D john Donne
7. Daniel Defoe is a famous____.
A poet
B novelist
C playwright
D essayist
8. "He has a servant called Friday." "he"in the quoted sentence is a character in______.
A Hey fielding's tom jones
B john Bunyan' the pilgrim's progress
C Richard brinsley Sheridan's the school for scandal
D Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe
9. Guiiliver' travel was written by____.
A Daniel Defoe
B Charles dickens
C Jonathan swift
D Joseph Addison
10. William Wordsworth is generally known as a ____poet.
A romantic
B realistic
C naturalistic
D neo-classic
答案详解:
1. A. Beowulf是Anglo-Saxon时代留下的重要的古英语文学作品,它被认为是英国的民族史诗.sir Gawain and the green knight, king Arthur and his knights of the round table是中古英语时期的浪漫传奇.the Canterbury tale是英国大诗人乔叟的一部诗体短篇小说集.
2. D. 乔叟被誉为英国诗歌之父, Troilus and Criseyde是他的重要作品之一.
3. D. 1608-1612被认为是莎翁的浪漫剧创作时期, 包括四部浪漫剧和解剧the tempest, pericles, the winter's tale, Cymbeline. merchant of Venice, as you like it, twelfth night, the merry wives of Windsor为莎翁的喜剧,Romeo and Juliet, antonym and Cleopatra为悲剧.
4. C. 莎翁最杰出的四大悲剧为hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth.
5. C. songs of innocence是英国18世纪末19世纪初浪漫主义诗人William Blake的著作.
6. D. john Donne是17世纪玄学派诗人的重要代表人物, Ben Johnson是莎翁同时代的剧作家,
篇二：专八人文知识(练习题)
专八人文知识练习题
__1___ The real center of power in the British Parliament is ___.
A the King or the QueenB the House of Commons
C the House of LordsD the Cabinet
___2___ The oldest part of British Parliament is ___.
A the House of Lords B the House of Commons
C the Shadow of Cabinet D the Chamber
___3___ The national center of the press in Britain is ___.
A Greet Russell Street B Speakers? Corner
C Downing StreetD the Fleet Street
___4___ Who was crowned “Emperor of the Romans” by the Pope in 800?
A St. Thomas Aquinas B Constantine C Charlemagne D King James
___5___ The Summa Theological was written by ___.
A St. Thomas Aquinas B Constantine C Alfred the Great D Charles I
___6___ Among the most typical English sports, having been in existence since the 16th century, is ___.
A rugby B cricket C boxing D football
___7___ The Great Charter (Magna Carta) was signed by ___ in 1215.
A King Hey I B King John C King William I D King Richard
___8___ “Song of Roland” belongs to which country?s epic? ___.
A English B French C HebrewD Germanic
___9___ The Gothic style started in ___ and quickly spread through all parts of western Europe.
A FrenchB EnglishC Hebrew D Germanic
___10___Ireland is called the Emerald Isle because of ___.
A its connection with British B its green countryside
C its unique shape D its abundant natural resources
答案：
1. 选B。`英国议会由王室（the Crown）、上议院（the House of Lords）和下议院（the House of Commons）构成。其中具有实权和立法权的是下议院，自1964年以来，上议院无权阻止被下议院通过的立法。
2. 选A。英国议会中最古老的部分是上议院（the House of Lords），它是由国王咨询会议(Great Council)发展而来的。
3. 选D。the Fleet Street(舰队报)，英国报纸和出版事业的中心，位于伦敦泰晤士河畔。18、19世纪以来成为英国“报纸王国”和左右英国舆论的中心。《泰晤士报》、《每日邮报》和《金融时报》等都在次发行。Downing Street(唐宁街)为英国首相官邸所在地。Speakers? Corner(自由论坛之角)在位于伦敦市区城西的威斯敏斯特区的Hyde Park(海得公园)里。 我要收藏
4. 选C。Charlemagne(查理曼742？--814，即查理大帝，法兰克国王)，公元800年被罗马教皇封为“神圣罗马帝国皇帝”，史称“查理一世”（公元800--814）。其统治期间，扩大疆土，建立庞大的帝国，加强集权统治，鼓励学术，兴建文化设施，使其宫廷成为繁华的学术中心。
5. 选A。St. Thomas Aquinas(圣.托马斯.阿奎那)中世纪意大利神学家和经院哲学家，他的哲学和神学称为托马斯主义。其代表作Summa Theological《神学大全》几乎概括了中世
纪神学的所有知识。
6. 选B。英国人最典型的体育运动是板球，而足球是最受英国人欢迎的运动。因为足球于19世纪出现在英格兰。1863年足球协会（Football Association）在英格兰成立。 我要收藏
7. 选B。The Great Charter(英国大宪章)，是1215年英国国王（1199--1216）亨利二世之子——King John(约翰)在以兰顿（Langton）为首的贵族和教士们的压力下签署的重要政治法律文件。该宪章主要内容为保障贵族利益，限制王权。大宪章被认为是维护公民权不受王权侵犯的重要文件。
8. 选B。《罗兰之歌》是法国最著名的史诗，Roland是次史诗中的主人公，他是查理大帝的外甥，诗史中描述罗兰是如何在西班牙勇敢战斗以及如何保护比利牛斯山而英勇献身的故事。
9. 选A。Gothic Style哥特式的建筑风格于12世纪中叶始于法国，然后流行整个欧洲，这种尖拱式的建筑风格一直持续到16世纪。。
10.选B。Emerald翡翠率的意思，Emerald Isle(翡翠岛)是Ireland岛的别称。
___1___ When printing was invented in the 1500?s, the ___ Bible was the first complete work printed..
A Latin B English C Aramaic D Hebrew
___2___ Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Open University?
A It?s open to everybody
B No university degree is awarded
C It requires no formal educational qualification
D University courses are followed through TV, radio, correspondence, ect
___3___ The most important and influential of English Bible is the Authorized or King James version, first published in ___..
A 1382B 1901C 1611D 1979
___4___ In Britain, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of ___.
A the Lord ChancellorB the Prime Minister
C the Speaker D the Parliamentary Commissioner
___5___ The Middle Ages is also called the ___..
A “Age of Faith” B “Age of Christianity” C “Age of Holy Spirit” D “Age of Literature”___6___ In the latter part of the 4th century, which of the following tribes swept into Europe from central Asia, robbing and killing large numbers of the half civilized Germanic tribes?
A the Mongolians B the Turkish C the Syrians D the Huns
___7___ The president of the Lords in Britain is called ___.
A Lord Chancellor B speaker C Prime Minister D President
___8___ The Church was divided into the Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church after ___.
A 1066 B 1296 C 1054 D 476
___9___ Which of the following is the world?s oldest national newspaper?
A The Times B The Guardian C The Sun D The Observer
___10___Under feudalism, what were the three classes of people of western Europe? ___.
A the King or the Queen B the House of Commons C the House of Lords D the Cabinet答案：
11. 选A。16世纪印刷术发明时，拉叮文《圣经》是第一部印刷的全文。
2. 选B。Open University(开放大学)创办于1971年，是英国在教育方法上一个最重要的创新，旨在利用远程教育向一切没有机会上学的成年人提供接受高等教育的机会。入学报名无论资格，主要以报名时间为依据进行录取。其学位通过累计学分而获得。开放大学有自己的资料库和出版社——Open University Press(开放大学出版社)。开放大学不仅开设文理科方面的学位课程，还开设各类职业及培训课程。
3. 选C。最重要、最有影响的英文《圣经》是1611年首版的“《圣经》钦定的英译本”或称“詹姆斯国王译本”。1382年是第一部完整的英文版本《圣经》由拉丁文《圣经》翻译过来的；而标准的美国版《圣经》修订本是1901年出版的。
4. 选B。在英国，女王是根据首相的推荐来任命大臣的。内阁的所有决定都由大臣集体负责。
5. 选A。欧洲中世纪被称作“信仰时代”，因为在欧洲中世纪没有统一的中央政府来维持秩序，只有基督徒教会是唯一统一欧洲的组织。
6. 选D。the Huns（匈奴），在4世纪末，来自中亚的匈奴扫荡欧洲，掠夺和杀害了很多半开化的日尔曼部落。 我要收藏
7. 选A。Lord Chancellor(英国大法官)，主持上议院，大法官和上诉法院。
8. 选C。罗马教会在1054年后分裂为罗马天主教（the Roman Catholic Church）和东正教（Eastern Orthodox Church）。
9. 选D。The Observer(观察家报)创办于1791年，是世界上历史最悠久的全国性周报。The Times（泰晤士报）是英国最古老的也是最有影响的全国性日报之一。The Guardian(卫报)英国主要的全国性日报之一。The Sun(太阳报)，其前身为Daily Pioneers（每日先驱报）。
10.选A。在封建制度下的西欧，人被分为clergy(牧师/教士)，lords(庄园主) and peasants(农民)三个等级。
___1___ Stratford-on-Avon is a famous place where ___ was born.
A John Milton B William Shakespeare C Ben Johnson D Thomas Gray
___2___ The oldest university in Britain is ___.
A Sunday Times B St. Andrews University C Oxford D Edinburgh University
___3___ The Tories were the forerunners of ___ , which still bears this nickname today..
A the Liberal Party B the Labor Party Day C the Conservative Party D the Social Democratic Party
___4___ Halloween is celebrated on ___.
A 5th November B 17th March C 25th December D 31st October
___5___ Which of the following emperors issued the Edict of Milan and made Christianity legal in 313? ___..
A Augustus I B Constantine I C Theodosius D Nero I
___6___ Which of the following emperors made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other religions in 392 A.D?
A Theodosius B Augustus C Constantine I D Nero Caesar
___7___ Easter is a holiday usually connected to the following except ___.
A the coming of spring B the eating of Easter eggs C the reunion of a large family D the resurrection of Christ
___8___ The most famous broadcasting company in Britain is ___.
A Independent Broadcasting Authority B British Broadcasting Corporation C Radio Times D Reuters
___9___ Today, the City of London is the business center of London where you can find ___.
A big supermarkets B theaters and cinemas C large financial organizations D restaurants and cafes
___10___In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ___ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition..
A largest B third largest C fourth largest D second largest
答案：
1. 选B。Stratford-on-Avon(斯特拉特福)是埃文河畔英国英格兰中部城镇，莎士比亚的故乡。1564年1月23日莎士比亚出生于埃文河畔斯特拉特福，而又在1616年的同一天（4月23日）去世。为纪念这位伟大的作家，人们把每年4月23日定为莎士比亚纪念日。每逢这一天，在莎士比亚的故乡埃文河畔斯特拉特福都要举行各种庆祝活动，如化装游行，上演他创作的剧目等。
2. 选C。Oxford(牛津)英国英格兰中部城市，是牛津首府和牛津大学所在地，英国最古老的大学Oxford University。牛津大学创建于12世纪末，与英国的另一个著名的大学University of Cambridge(剑桥大学，创建于13世纪)齐名。英国历史上有十几位首相出身于牛津大学。
3. 选C。The Tory Party(托利党) the Whig Party(辉格党) 是在18世纪和19世纪初左右英国议会的两大党。19世纪中期辉格党与持不同意见的托利党人结盟成自由党；托利党则是保守党的前身。
4. 选D。Halloween(万圣节前夕)，原为欧洲凯尔特人（Celt）凯尔特年最后一天（10月31日） 庆祝新年，欢迎死者幽灵归来的节日，后逐渐与基督教的万圣节前夕（All Hallows Eve）一起庆祝。苏格兰和爱尔兰移民将庆祝次节的风俗习惯带给美国。
5. 选B。Constantine I (君士坦丁一世288---337)306---377年间为罗马皇帝，统一全国后，加强中央集权，支持基督徒。公元313年，君士坦丁一世发布“米兰赦令”，（the Edict of Milan）宣布人人都有宗教信仰的自由，并宣布基督徒是合法的。公元330年迁都拜占廷城，改城名为君士坦丁堡。临死前受洗为基督徒。
6. 选A。Theodosius (狄奥多西一世)东罗马帝国皇帝（379---395）和西罗马帝国皇帝（公元392---395），其统治期间镇压人民起义，公元392年Theodosius (狄奥多西一世)立基督徒为罗马帝国国教，其他宗教皆不合法，迫害异教徒，毁坏异教神庙。
7. 选C。Easter(复活节)纪念耶酥复活的节日，一般指每年春分（3月21日）月圆后的第一个星期日。复活节的名字源于Eostre——主管春天和太阳升起的女神。每年春天人们向这位女神致敬，庆祝冬天的死去和大自然的万物复苏。复活节彩蛋是复活节的象征。
8. 选B。BBC(British Broadcasting Corporation)(英国广播公司)，是英国著名的广播公司。Independent Broadcasting Authority(IBA, 独立广播公司)；Radio Times《无线电泰晤士》周刊，为英国规模最大的周刊，详细刊登BBC英国广播公司每周的广播节目。Reuters(路透社)1851年创办，总社位于伦敦，是英国最大的通讯社，也是世界四大估计通讯社之一。
9. 选C。the City of London(伦敦城)是英国首都伦敦的市中心，也是英国的金融中心，集中了全国最大的银行、交易所和各种企业管理中心。London是英国首都；而the County of London则是伦敦郡（英国英格兰原郡名）。
10.选D。在英国，获得下议院第二多席位的政党成为“反对党”。
__1_No.10 Downing Street is____.
A Office of British Navy B official residence of Prime Minster
C seat of English Parliament D official residence of King
__2__ Increasingly troubled by the ioads of northern tribes such as Goths, the West Empire finally collapsed in__.
A 395 B 27 B.C. C 476 D 1453
__3__Who wrote “I came, I saw, I conquered”?
A Horace B Virgil C Marcus Tullius Cicero D Julius Casar
__4__When the Hundred Year?s War ended in 1453, the only part of France that was still in the hands of English is_.
A Calais B Paris C Aquitaine D Anjor
__5__ Big Ben is the nickname of_.
A Sir Benjamin Hall B Benjamin Franklin C 315-foot Clock Tower D Sir Charles Barry__6__ In England, the most famous of the Catholic conspiracies was__.
A The Cobham?s plot B the murder of Thomas Becket
C the execution of Mary Queen of Scots D the Gunpowder Plot
__7__ The author of On the Origin of Species is__.
A George Baron B Charles Darwin C John Baldwin D Winston Churchill
__8__The author of On the Nature of Things is __.
A Horace B Virgil C Lucretius D Julius Caesar
__9__Which of the following is by far the most influential in the West?
A Christianity B Buddhism C Islamism D Judaism
__10__ The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first fie books, called __.
A Exodus B Commandments C Amos D Pentateuch
答案：1-5 BCDAC 6-10 DBCAD
1. 选B. No.10 Downing Street(唐宁街10号，是首相官邸，) Downing Street位于伦敦中部，No.11 Downing Street是英国财政大臣的官邸，因此唐宁街常作为英国政府的代名词。
2. 选 C。注意这几个时间：公元476年西罗马帝国灭亡，公元395年罗马帝国分裂为东罗马帝国和西罗马帝国；公元1453年东罗马帝国灭亡，而公元前27年罗马帝国正式建立。
3. 选D。Julius Caesar(恺撒，100-44 BC，罗马统帅，政治家)于49-44BC成为罗马独裁者，后被共和派贵族刺杀，著有《高卢战记》 （Commentaries）Marcus Tullius Cicero (西塞罗104-43BC)罗马政治家，哲学家和雄辩家。
4. 选A。 1453年英法百年战争结束时，只有法国北部的Calais加莱港还被英军占领。
5. 选C。Big Ben(大本钟)是指伦敦英国议会大厦钟楼上的大钟，也谕指放置大本钟的钟楼。该钟是由英国政府官员Sir Benjamin Hall于1859年主持建造的。
6. 选D。The Gunpowder Plot (火药阴谋)是指1605年英国发生的由Guy Fawkes等企图炸毁议会大厦，扎死国王的天主教火药硬煤案。这一阴谋的Guy Fawkes和其他7名同谋在犯罪现场被捉获。后国会决定每年的11月5日为”Guy Fawkes Day”,在这一天人们燃放烟火和烧福克斯的模拟象，晚上英国人会用Bonfire Night “篝火之夜”来庆祝这一天。
7. 选B。Charles Darwin (达尔文1809-1882)英国博物学家，进化论的创始，进化生物学的奠基人，提出以自然选择为基础的进化论学说和人类起源于类人猿。著有On the Origin of Species《物种起源》
8. 选C。Lucretius (卢克莱修约94-95BC)古罗马诗人和哲学家。The nature of things<物
篇三：英语专业八级人文知识练习题及答案
美国概况
练习题：
1 The traditional dividing line in America between “east” and “west” is_____.
2 The earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is ____.
3 The largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is____. 4 Before 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is____. 5 ____has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party. 6 The economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by____.
7 In the United States, primary education requires____years.
8 Most college students in the United States are in____institutions. 9 The three main levels of courts of the federal judicial system in America are____________.
10 _____(which state )is not governed by the common law.
练习题答案及题解:
1. The Mississippi River, 密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。 2 .The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain，最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。
3 .Non-hispanics white， 非西班牙裔的白人是美国最大的种族群体。
4 .African Americans， 2000年以前非裔美国人是美国最大的少数民族群体。2000年以后，拉丁裔美国人的人数超过了非裔美国人的人数，成为美国第一大少数民族群体。
5 .America， 美国拥有世界上最古老的宪法和政党。
6. World War II， 第二次世界大战的爆发帮助美国走出了经济困境。
7. Six years， 美国的小学要花费大约六年的时间。
8. Public， 大部分美国大学生都在公立学校就读。
9 .美国的联邦法院系统包括：the United States District Courts; the United States Courts of Appeal ; the United States Supreme Court.
10 .Louisana， 路易斯安娜州不受共同法的约束。
美国概况
练习题：
1 Of the fifty states of America, _____states now have the death penalty as punishment.
2 The four major regions of the United Sates
are________________________________.
3 ______ region’s culture character was shaped largely by Puritan spirit. 4 ______is the largest state in terms of size and population in America. 5＂Hollywood＂is often used as a synonym for_____
6 The most important and largest river in the United States of America is_____.
7 The north-eastern part of the United States ――New England enjoys a _____climate.
8 To the west of mainland American lies the _____ Ocean.
9 Detroit, a U.S. city bordering Lake Erie, is famous for its_____. 10 The natives of the continent of the America are the_____.
练习题答案及题解:
1． 38, 美国现有38个州惩罚罪犯采用死刑。
2 ．Northeast, South, Midwest and West, 美国的主要四大部分不包括北部。
3． The New England Region, 美国的新英格兰地区， 也就是东北部地区深受清教思想的影响。
4 ．California，加利福尼亚州是美国最大的州，拥有人口也最多。
5 ．American films，好莱坞是美国著名的电影制造地。
6． the Mississippi River，美国最长的河流是密西西比河，也是美国最重要的一条河流。被美国人视为“众河之父”，沿河流域也是美国的主要农作物产区。 7 ．typical continental，美国东北部的新英格兰地区是典型的大陆性气候。冬天寒冷，夏天炎热。
8 ．Pacific Ocean， 美国东临大西洋，西濒太平洋，北接加拿大，南靠墨西哥及墨西哥湾。
9 ．automobile industry， 底特律是美国著名的汽车城。
10 ．Indians， 美国的本土居民是当地的印第安人。
美国概况
练习题：
1 ．_____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.
A ．Washington D.CB ．Los Angeles C． San Francisco
D ．New York City
2． _____ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions.
A． Blacks B ．Hispanics C． Indians
D． Asian Americans
3 ．Washington D.C. is named after___________.
A． the U.S. President George Washington
B ．Christopher Columbus
C ．both George Washington and Christopher Columbus
D ．none of them
4 ．American and British English are two_____ of the English language.
A． varieties B． elements C． parts D． form
5． The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______.
A ．Thomas Jefferson B． James Mooe C． James MadisonD ．Abraham Lincoln
6 ．Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_____.
A． Rhode Island B ．Virginia C． Texas D ．Montana
7． The national flag of the United States is known as_____.
A． the Star-Spangled Banner B ．Uncle SamC ．Hot Dog D ．Union Jack
8． The number of the Representatives from each American state depends on the _____.
A ．contribution a state has made to the nation
B． population
C． size
D． none of the above
9 ．The tern “Father of Waters” is used to refer to _____.
A． the Amazon River B． the Mississippi River C． the Nile River D． the Hudson River
10 The statue of liberty was given to American people by_____ as a gift in 1884.
A． France B． Spain C ．Italy D ．Britain
练习题答案及题解:
1 ．D, 纽约是美国最大的城市同时也是最重要的经济中心和最主要的港口。
2． A, 黑人在美国的经济和社会地位都最为低下。
3 ．C, 首都命名为华盛顿是为了纪念美国的第一任总统乔治?华盛顿，而联邦直辖区命名为哥伦比亚特区是为了纪念第一位从欧洲横渡大西洋到达西半球的探险家克里斯多拂?哥伦布。
4． A, 美国英语和英国英语是英语语言的两种变体。
5． D, 美国历史上的第一位共和党总统是亚伯拉罕?林肯。
6． A, 美国国土面积最小的是罗得岛。
7 ．A, 美国的国旗是星条旗。
8． B, 美国每个州派往众议院的代表人数应与本州人口成比例。
9 ．B, 美国的“众河之父”指的是密西西比河。
10． A, 美国的自由女神像是法国人赠予的礼物。
英国概况
练习题：
1 Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except _____.
A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.
B Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.
C British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.
D British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century.
2 The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _____ has very little power.
A queen B monarch C prime minister D king
3 Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them?
A the Labor Party B the Conservative Party
C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party
4 On accepting ____, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.
A Constitutional Law B The Declaration of Independence
C Civil Law D Bill of Rights
5 Females were allowed to vote in national elections until ____.
A 1918 B 1916 C 1920 D 1896
6 The British North America Act of 1867 established ____ as a domain.
A Australia B Canada C New Zealand D India
7 During World War II, as a war leader, _____ received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.
A Harold Wilson B Edward Heath C Franklin Roosevelt D Winston Churchill 8 The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and _____.
A France B New Zealand C Argentina D Australia
9 In Britain, a _____ is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.
A civic election B by-election C popular election D general election 10 In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _____.
A the Lord Chancellor B the Monarch C the Prime Minister D the King
练习题答案及题解:
1 D, 英国之所以能成为世界上最早开始工业化的国家,原因有很多。但英国是从17世纪以后逐步开始对海外贸易和开拓海外殖民地产生浓厚兴趣的。
2 B, 英国是君主立宪制国家，国王或女王（君主）几乎没什么实质性的权力。 3 A, 保守党和自由党是英国最早成立的两个党派。大致来说，保守党是中上层阶级的党，它得到大公司财政上的支持；而工党，主要得到工会的支持，它的支持者主要是中产阶级和知识分子。
4 D, 《权利法案》的签署，标志着英国进入了君主立宪制时代，一个君主几乎没有什么实质性权力并受制于议会的时代。
5 A, 直到1918年妇女才在全国大选中享有选举权。
6 B, 《1867年英国北美法案》将加拿大纳为它的自治领。
7 D, 在第二次世界大战中，当时的英国首相丘吉尔作为战争统帅受到了英国人
民的广泛拥戴，并带领英国人民赢得了战争的最后胜利。
8 C, 福克兰群岛战役是发生在英国和阿根廷着这两个国家之间。位于大西洋南部的福克兰群岛从1892年起就是英国的海外殖民地，1982年阿根廷开始控制这些岛屿，但是英国最终打败了阿根廷，并重新占领了这些岛屿。
9 B, 英国的下院议会成员中有人去世、退休或辞职时，就要进行补缺选举。 10 C, 在英国，部长们是由首相推荐，女王加以任命的。
英国概况
练习题：
1 How many members are there in the House of Commons?
A 650 B 524 C 72 D 651
2 Which of the following people didn’t use to be the British Prime Minister?
A Margaret Thatcher B Winston Churchill C Horatio Nelson D John Major 3 By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _____ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.
A Prime Minister B Member of Parliament
C Lord of appeal D Speaker of the House
4 The Tories were the forerunners of _____, which still bears this nickname today.
A the Labour Party B the Conservative Party
C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party
5 In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ____ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.
A largest B second largest C third largest D fourth largest
6 The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s _____ decline.
A political B educational C military D economic
7 The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _____.
A globalization B nationalization C privatization D competition 8 Today, in Britain, ______ is called a “sick” industry.
A coal mining B iron and steel C textiles D shipbuilding
9 The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ____ modified and improved the design in 1765. A Abraham Darby B James Watt C John Kay D Richard Arkwrightthe
10 _____ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism.
A The Chartist Movement B The Industrial Revolution
C The French Revolution D The Glorious Revolution
练习题答案及题解:
1 D, 下议院共有651名议员。
2 C, 撒切尔夫人，丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相；而纳尔逊（1758-1805），
《专八人文知识(练习题)》出自：百味书屋
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