篇一：新视野大学英语第二版(2)读写教程完形填空原文和翻译
UNIT 1
I am frequently asked the question ,”Can you use chopsticks” I have lived in Korea ,Japan and China .In each country , I have , than not and without having requested one ,been given a forkone was available .I have politely refused and said that I would be fine with chopsticks .Sometime, I have to make Chopsticks are my worries when I am eating in an Asian home or restaurant .In fact ,learning to use chopsticks takes me a few weeks .This is not to say I was skillful, though .Learning how to use chopsticks is easy for me ,the rituals and how totimes do I have to say ”no ,thank you”” no ,thank you ,I truly am full ”?How do I get away with refusing more food without someone ?If I insist and I still get more ,is it appropriate just not to eat it ?This would be where I come from. I have enjoyed many great meals and mywith the people have been great .I am aware that I will never be able toas much as I have received. I don’t know how I can ever thank all of the people who introduced me to eating in Asia.
UNIT 2
This was what all of the training and pain was about-winning .I watched for the last
few years .I would have been there on the spotthe traffic problem .I couldn’teven on my bicycle. While I watched the young runner enter to the cheers of thousands of people ,I could not help The young runner was hardly considered to be when he first came to me .There were countless training full of pain for him .I at me .I had been to his anger and pain .It was clear that only hard work could him success .I had smiled to myself when I found that he had with the training until he reached perfection .I had never forgot to remind him thatchallenges he had to keep on practice. It was unfair that he had no time for his G F. But that was life for him.
The thunderous shouts and cheers drew me back to the TV screen .Oh, my dear ,the young runner was speed .He was running to the finish line .He was strong enough to other runners .His courage ,heart and discipline together with his years of practice won him the honor. Tears rolled down my cheeks when I found on the screen the young runner was looking around .I understood at once that he was or failure .It must have seemed strange for him to find me missing.
UNIT 3
I didn’t marry for all the” right reasons”marriage .And ,for my husband’s part, well, I was on his mind either .He married me because I made him feel young .He was such an ordinary man going his very ordinary midlife crisis .He was divorced ,looking for younger women and a career change .That didn’t me, though .He was still fairly charming ,pretty handsome and rich .I married for money ,and I don’t have any about it .My friends don’at least a little bit ,for some of the same things that I now enjoy .They common little homes .And another thing, they are always about their ”beloved”. ”He’s always watching how much I spend.”” It’s ’
My husband, however ,doesn’never become a business because it already was one. You could say, we have a understanding .We are about the whole thing .It is painful for my friends when they realize that love is just an ’me .He’d lose too much money.
UNIT 4
Love is important because without it life has no meaning or
purpose .ILove allows us to do more than we could accomplish make sure our bodies are fed ,cleaned ,clothed, exercised and course, as a society ,love is not overlooked .Popular media constantly ” love”loved is not as powerful an emotional need as that desire to love someone else.
The need to love and other is built into us biologically .This Love means to cherish ,hold dear, and treasure. We do not hurt, harm ,or cause pain to those we love ;rather, we seek their suffering .It’s not about wanting to possess or control others; it’s about our time ,our energy, our wishes, and sometimes even ourselves because of love .It is love that allows emergency services The ultimate definition of love is not about feeling good but rather about doing good.
UNIT 5
“Knock it off!”mom’s expressions like these .He banged on without a pause.
” When you that is a little quieter? ”There was warmth in her voice and she had all of ’s attention in this way, he simply replied ,’But I’m bored.’’ She tried to offer him a had even to herself that she negative expressions.
’t expect Billy to respond immediately. But she still believes that to keep on the pressures might work someday .Children may learn that arguing no longer works because of her continuous shouting.
UNIT 6
What’
篇二：新视野大学英语2_完形填空原文及翻译
I am frequently asked the question, ”Can you use chopsticks?”. I have lived in Korea, Japan, and China. In each country, I have, more often than not and without having requested one, been given a fork when one was available. I have politely refusde and said that I would be fine with chopsticks. Sometimes, I have to make further explanation.
Chopsticks are the least of my worries when I am eating in an Asian home or restaurant. In fact, learning how to use chopsticks takes me nothing but a few weeks. This is not to say I was skillful, though. Learning how to use chopsticks is easy for me, whereas learning the rituals and how to conduct myself at the table is quite difficult. Just how many times do I have to say “no, thank you” when I really mean “no, thank you, I truly am full”? How do I get away with refusing more food without offending someone? If I insist and I still get more, is it appropriate just not to eat it? This would be impolite where I come from.
I have enjoyed many great meals and my interactions with the people have been great. I am increasingly aware that I will never be able to give back as much as I have received. I don’t know how I can ever thank all of the people who introducde me to eating in Asia. 我常问的问题，“你会用筷子吗？“。我住在韩国，日本，和中国。在每一个国家，我有，更多的往往不是没有要求，得到一个叉时，可用。我有礼貌地refusde说我用筷子就好了。有时候，我必须做进一步的解释。
筷子是我最不担心当我吃在亚洲的家庭或餐厅。事实上，学习如何使用筷子带我只有几个星期。这并不是说我是熟练的，虽然。学习如何使用筷子对于我来说是容易的，而学习礼仪和如何进行自己的表是相当困难的。有多少次我必须说“不，谢谢你”的时候我真的是“不，谢谢你，我真的吃饱了吗？我如何去拒绝更多的食物而不得罪人？如果我坚持，我仍然得到更多，这是适当的就不要吃它吗？这是不礼貌的我从哪里来。
我所享有的许多伟大的膳食和我交往的人都曾经是伟大的。我越来越意识到，我永远不能回报我所得到的东西。我不知道如何感谢所有的人谁，我吃在亚洲。
I didn’t marry for all the “right reasona”. Love had nothing to do with marriage. And, for my husband’s part, well, I suspect love was on his mind either. He marride me because I made him feel yound. He was such an ordinary man going through his very ordinary midlife crisis. He was divorced, looking for younger women and a career change. That didn’t bother me, though. He was still fairly charming, pretty hansome and abore all rich. I married for money, and I don’t have any doubt about it. My friends don't applaud my decision, but I can also tell that they wish, at least a little bit, for some of the same things that I now enjoy. They always prefer to spend a lot of time by my swimming pool than at their common little homes. And another thing, they are always complaining about their “beloved”. “He’s always watching how much I spend.”
“It's become more like a business relationship than a marriage.”
My husband, however, doesn’ t care how much I spend and our marriage never became a business because it already was one. You could say, we have a mutual understanding. We are very realistic about the whole thing. It is painful for my friends when they realize that love is just an illusion. Marriage for never existed for me. And, he’ll never divorce me. He’d lose too much money. 我不娶为所有的“合理的”。爱情与婚姻无关。而且，我的丈夫的一部分，嗯，我怀疑爱在他心中是。他嫁给我因为我让他感觉年轻。他是一个普通的人会通过他的很普通的中年危机。他离了婚，寻找年轻妇女和职业生涯的变化。那不打扰我，虽然。他还相当迷人，漂亮的英俊和热爱的一切丰富。我结婚是为了钱，而我没有任何的疑问。我的朋友们不赞赏我的决定，但我也可以告诉他们希望，至少一点点，因为同样的一些事情，我现在享受。他们总是喜欢花很多时间在我的游泳池比在自己的小家。还有一件事，他们总是抱怨他们的“亲爱的”。“他总是看着我花多少钱。”“这是变得更像一个商业关系比结婚。”
我的丈夫，但是，并不在乎花多少钱，我们的婚姻从来没有成为一个企业因为它已是一个。你可以说，我们要相互理解。我们都是很现实的事情。这是痛苦的我的朋友当他们意识到爱是幻觉。婚姻不存在我。而且，他不会跟我离婚。他已经失去了太多的钱。
Love is important because without it life has no meaning or purpose. Love allows us to do more than we could ever accomplish without its power. So often we take good care of our physical needs. We make sure our bodies are fed, cleaned, clothed, exercised and rested. However, we tend to overlook the most important need-love. Of course, as a society, love is not overlooked. Popular media constantly places great emphasis on what we need to do to atract “love”. But being loved is not as powerful an emotional need as that desire to love someone else.
They need to love and care for others is built into us biologically. This need is what allows parents to give up sleep and food while raising their children. This need is what allows people to put themselves at risk to save others from natural disasters or threats. Love means to children, hold dear.and treasure. We do not hurt, or cause pain to those we love; rather, we seek to alleviate their suffering. It’s not about wanting to possess or control others; it’s about wanting to set them free. Love is the power that allows the wheel of life to continue turning, for when we love we look beyond our own needs and desires. We sacrifice our time, our energy, our wishes, and sometimes even ourslves because of love. It is love that allows emergency services personnel to
face danger. It is love that allows soldiers to risk everting. The ultimate definition of love is not about feeling good but rather doing good. 爱很重要，因为没有它的生活没有意义或目的。爱让我们做更多的比我们所能做到无它的力量。所以通常我们照顾好我们的身体需要。我们确定我们的身体是美联储，清洁，衣服，运动和休息。然而，我们往往忽视了最重要的need-love。当然，作为一个社会，爱是不可忽略的。大众媒体不断强调我们需要做什么，以抽象的“爱”。但爱不是强大的情感需要，渴望去爱别人。
他们需要爱和关心别人是建立在我们的生物。这需要的是让父母放弃睡眠和食物的同时，提高他们的孩子。这需要的是可以让人们把自己的危险去救别人从自然灾害或威胁。
爱意味着孩子，抱着dear.and宝。我们不伤害，或引起疼痛让我们所爱的人；相反，我们设法减轻他们的痛苦。这不是要拥有或控制他人；只是想让他们自由。爱是力量，让生命的车轮继续转动，当我们爱我们超越我们自己的需求和欲望。我们牺牲我们的时间，我们的精力，我们的愿望，甚至自己因为爱。这是爱，让紧急服务人员面对危险。这是爱，让士兵们冒一切。最终的定义，爱不是感觉良好而做的好。
“Knock it off!” Billy would not cease banging his foot on the tanle. Mrs. Stewart had lost all patience in telling him to stop. Her words were falling on deaf ears. She had asked her son to quit doing something that was borthing her so many times that she hardly even knew the words were coming from her mouth. Billy had got used this. He just ignored his mom’s expressions like these. He banged on without a pause.
She used to try to phrase her words in positive ways like,”When you bang on the table that way, it upsets me. Would you mind doing something else that it is a little quieter?” There was warmth in her voice and she had all of the best intentions. But when she actually managed to get Billy’s attetion in this way, he simply replied,”But I’m bored.” She tried offer him a bunch of alternatives but nothing worked and it all because too tedious. It had become noticeable even to herself that she was increasingly using negative expressions.
Mrs.Stewart seems to understand that even if she shouts she can’t expect Billy to respond immediatelly. But she still believes that to keep applying the pressures might work someday. Children may learn that arguing no longer works because of her continuous shouting.
少来这一套。“比利不会停止用他的脚在tanle。斯图尔特太太失去了耐心，告诉他停止。她的话是聋子的耳朵。她问她的儿子放弃做的事是borthing她很多次，她几乎不认识的话从她嘴里来。比利已经习惯这个。他只是忽略了他妈妈的表情像这些。他砰的一声不停。
她试图用短语她的话在积极的方式，“当你撞在桌子上，它令我心烦意乱。你介意做别的东西，它是一个安静一点吗？“有温暖她的声音和她所有的最好的意图。但当她居然让比利引开，这样，他简单地回答说，“但我很无聊。”她试着给他一堆的替代品，但没有工作的人，因为这一切太乏味。它已成为明显的连自己是越来越多地使用否定表达。
斯图尔特夫人似乎明白，即使她说她不能指望比利立即回应。但她仍然认为，保持应用的压力可能工作的一天。孩子们可以学习，争论不工作因为她连续喊。
What’s in a name? You fate could have been entirely different if you had been given a different name at your birth. Some of us recognize that our name dose not necessarily tit and start using a different name rather than the one we were given. Many of us choose to use our middle name so we can be true to our parents, and at the same time be more confident. Some people who have changed their name claim that their professional lives improved. They feel better about themselves so they are more likely to achieve more. But those who have changed their names are not just being overly sensitive. Names themselves convey some information causing others to make judgments based solely on them. Here is an example: A magezine declined to print a writer’s name simply because the editor thought it suited a baseball player more than an art critic. Another example: A woman at a party became embarrassed when she wanted to be introduced to a man she had declined because of his name. One study showed that teathers give different grades to the identical essays written by boys with different names. Similarly, girls’ popularity can be related to their names. Yet, which name works and which does not depand on the times. The good qualities of a well-liked president or actor can often influence how a name is seen. But if a name becomes too well-known, it might also fall out of favor as parents look for something a little more unique for their child. 名字有什么关系？你的命运可能是完全不同，如果你得到一个不同的名字，在你出生。我们中的一些人认识到我们的名字未必山雀和开始使用不同的名称，而不是一个给我们。我们中的许多人会选择使用我们的中间名，所以我们能够实现我们的父母，同时更自信。一些人改变了他们的名字，声称他们的职业生活的改善。他们对自己感觉更好，他们更有可能实现更多。但那些改变了他们的名字不只是过分敏感的。自己的名字传达一些信息引起别人的判断完全基于他们。这里有一个例子：一个杂志社拒绝打印一个作家的名字只是因为编辑认为它适合一个棒球运动员比艺术评论家。另一个例子：一个女人的一个派对上变得尴尬的时候，她想介绍给一个人她下降，因为他的名字。一项研究表明，教师给予不同等级的相同的论文写的男孩不同的名字。同样，女孩的人气可以与他们的名字。
然而，这名工作而不依靠的时候。良好的素质的一个很受欢迎的总统或演员往往可以影响一个名字是。但是如果名字变得太有名，它也可能失宠作为家长寻找一些独特的孩子。
I was in a bad temper. It was just like the stress in my life that was running out of control. I could probably attribute it to financial stress. My company was cutting jobs and they were evaluatingf each worker’s performance. This was inevitable in those days of rising competition and strinking companies. The companies were getting smaller because of the hopeless economic conditions. I knew I was being considered as one of the workers they would let go though I had been overworking. Or maybe it was my home life. My wife and I had gotten in an argument and my 19-year-old daughter announced that she was leaving the house to move in with her boyfriend. I am usually not a person of quick temper, but yesterday was different. I rode my bike to work as usual; it’s about 20 kilomiters. I had stopped for a red light and then proceeded when the light turned green. I had assumed the car coming from my right would stop, but instead it went right on through the red light and nearly hit me. I barely had time to react. I grabbed my bike lock and threw it at his car, hitting his rear window and making a crack.
The driver stopped and got out of his car. I laid my bike down and picked up the bick lock from the ground for protection. Then he reached for his phone to call the police. 我的脾气很坏。就像生活中的压力正在运行的控制。我可能把它归功于经济压力。我公司是切割工作，他们evaluatingf每个工人的表现。这是不可避免的在这些天的竞争加剧和strinking公司。公司越来越少，因为绝望的经济条件。我知道我被视为一个工人就放手，虽然我一直过度操劳。也许是因为我的家庭生活。我和我的妻子已经在争论，我19岁的女儿说她和她男朋友离开家搬。
通常我不是一个人的脾气暴躁，但昨天是不同的。我骑着我的自行车去工作，像往常一样；这是20kilomiters。我有红灯停，接着当灯变绿。我以为车来自我就将停止，而是直接在红灯时，差点撞到我。我几乎没有时间作出反应。我抓起我的自行车锁，把它在他的车，打他的后窗和裂纹。
司机停下来，下了车。我把我的自行车，并从地上捡起自行车锁保护。然后他伸手去打电话给警察打电话。
篇三：新视野大学英语读写教程(第二版)第二册课文及翻译
Unit 1
Time-Conscious Americans
Americans believe no one stands still. If you are not moving ahead, you are falling behind. This attitude results in a nation of people committed to researching, experimenting and exploring. Time is one of the two elements that Americans save carefully, the other being labor.
"We are slaves to nothing but the clock," it has been said. Time is treated as if it were something almost real. We budget it, save it, waste it, steal it, kill it, cut it, account for it; we also charge for it. It is a precious resource. Many people have a rather acute sense of the shortness of each lifetime. Once the sands have run out of a person's hourglass, they cannot be replaced. We want every minute to count.
A foreigner's first impression of the US is likely to be that everyone is in a rush—often under pressure. City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going, restlessly seeking attention in a store, or elbowing others as they try to complete their shopping. Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country. Working time is considered precious. Others in public eating-places are waiting for you to finish so they, too, can be served and get back to work within the time allowed. You also find drivers will be abrupt and people will push past you. You will miss smiles, brief conversations, and small exchanges with strangers. Don't take it personally. This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else "wasting" it beyond a certain appropriate point.
Many new arrivals in the States will miss the opening exchanges of a business call, for example. They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country. They may miss leisurely business chats in a restaurant or coffee house. Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk; much less do they take them out for dinner, or around on the golf course while they develop a sense of trust. Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly. Time is, therefore, always ticking in our inner ear.
Consequently, we work hard at the task of saving time. We produce a steady flow of labor-saving devices; we communicate rapidly through faxes, phone calls or emails rather than through personal contacts, which though pleasant, take longer—especially given our traffic-filled streets. We, therefore, save most personal visiting for after-work hours or for social weekend gatherings.
To us the impersonality of electronic communication has little or no relation to the significance of the matter at hand. In some countries no major business is conducted without eye contact, requiring face-to-face conversation. In America, too, a final agreement will normally be signed in person. However, people are meeting increasingly on television screens, conducting "teleconferences" to settle problems not only in this country but also—by satellite—internationally.
The US is definitely a telephone country. Almost everyone uses the telephone to conduct business, to chat with friends, to make or break social appointments, to say "Thank you", to shop and to obtain all kinds of information. Telephones save the feet and endless amounts of time. This is due partly to the fact that the telephone service is superb here, whereas the postal service is less efficient.
Some new arrivals will come from cultures where it is considered impolite to work too quickly. Unless a certain amount of time is allowed to elapse, it seems in their eyes as if the task being considered were insignificant, not worthy of proper respect. Assignments are, consequently, given added weight by the passage of time. In the US, however, it is taken as a sign of skillfulness or being competent to solve a problem, or fulfill a job successfully, with speed. Usually, the more important a task is, the more capital, energy, and attention will be poured into it in order to "get it moving".
美国人认为没有人能停止不前。如果你不求进取，你就会落伍。这种态度造就了一个投身于研究、实验和探索的民族。时间是美国人注意节约的两个要素之一，另一要素是劳力。
人们一直说：“只有时间才能支配我们。”人们似乎把时间当作一个差不多是实实在在的东西来对待。我们安排时间、节约时间、浪费时间、挤抢时间、消磨时间、缩减时间、对时间的利用作出解释；我们还要因付出时间而收取费用。时间是一种宝贵的资源，许多人都深感人生的短暂。时光一去不复返。我们应当让每一分钟都过得有意义。
外国人对美国的第一印象很可能是：每个人都匆匆忙忙──常常处于压力之下。城里人看上去总是在匆匆地赶往他们要去的地方，在商店里他们焦躁不安地指望店员能马上来为他们服务，或者为了赶快买完东西，用肘来推搡他人。白天吃饭时人们也都匆匆忙忙，这部分地反映出这个国家的生活节奏。人们认为工作时间是宝贵的。在公共用餐场所，人们都等着别人尽快吃完，以便他们也能及时用餐，你还会发现司机开车很鲁莽，人们推搡着在你身边过去。你会怀念微笑、简短的交谈以及与陌生人的随意闲聊。不要觉得这是针对你个人的，这是因为人们都非常珍惜时间，而且也不喜欢他人“浪费”时间到不恰当的地步。
许多刚到美国的人会怀念诸如商务拜访等场合开始时的寒暄。他们也会怀念那种一边喝茶或喝咖啡一边进行的礼节性交流，这也许是他们自己国家的一种习俗。他们也许还会怀念在饭店或咖啡馆里谈生意时的那种轻松悠闲的交谈。一般说来，美国人是不会在如此轻松的环境里通过长时间的闲聊来评价他们的客人的，更不用说会在增进相互间信任的过程中带他们出去吃饭，或带他们去打高尔夫球。既然我们通常是通过工作而不是社交来评估和了解他人，我们就开门见山地谈正事。因此，时间老是在我们心中滴滴答答地响着。
因此，我们千方百计地节约时间。我们发明了一系列节省劳力的装置；我们通过发传真、打电话或发电子邮件与他人迅速地进行交流，而不是通过直接接触。虽然面对面接触令人愉快，但却要花更多的时间，尤其是在马路上交通拥挤的时候。因此，我们把大多数个人拜访安排在下班以后的时间里或周末的社交聚会上。
就我们而言，电子交流的缺乏人情味与我们手头上事情的重要性之间很少有或完全没有关系。在有些国家，如果没有目光接触，就做不成大生意，这需要面对面的交谈。在美国，最后协议通常也需要本人签字。然而现在人们越来越多地在电视屏幕上见面，开远程会议不仅能解决本国的问题，而且还能通过卫星解决国际问题。
美国无疑是一个电话王国。几乎每个人都在用电话做生意、与朋友聊天、安排或取消社交约会、表达谢意、购物和获得各种信息。电话不但能免去走路之劳，而且还能节约大量时间。其部分原因在于这样一个事实：美国的电话服务是一流的，而邮政服务的效率则差一些。
有些初来美国的人来自文化背景不同的其他国家，在他们的国家，人们认为工作太快是一种失礼。在他们看来，如果不花一定时间来处理某件事的话，那么这件事就好像是无足轻重的，不值得给予适当的重视。 因此，人们觉得用的时间长会增加所做事情的重要性。但在美国，能迅速而又成功地解决问题或完成工作则被视为是有水平、有能力的标志。通常情况下，工作越重要，投入的资金、精力和注意力就越多，其目的是“使工作开展起来”。
Culture Shock
Do you think studying in a different country is something that sounds very exciting? Are you like many young people who leave home to study in another country thinking you will have lots of fun? Certainly, it is a new experience, which brings the opportunity to discover fascinating things and a feeling of freedom. In spite of these advantages, however, there are also some challenges you will encounter. Because your views may clash with the different beliefs, norms, values and traditions that exist in different countries, you may have difficulty adjusting to a new culture and to those parts of the culture not familiar to you. This is called "culture shock". At least four essential stages of adjustment occur during culture shock.
The first stage is called "the honeymoon". In this stage, you are excited about living in a different place, and everything seems to be marvelous. You like everything, and everybody seems to be so nice to you. Also, the amusement of life in a new culture seems to have no ending.
Eventually, however, the second stage of culture shock appears. This is "the hostility stage". You begin to
notice that not everything is as good as you had originally thought it was. You become tired of many things about the new culture. Moreover, people don't treat you like a guest anymore. Everything that seemed to be so wonderful at first is now awful, and everything makes you feel distressed and tired.
Usually at this point in your adjustment to a new culture, you devise some defense mechanisms to help you cope and to protect yourself against the effects of culture shock. One type of coping mechanism is called "repression". This happens when you pretend that everything is acceptable and that nothing bothers you. Another type of defense mechanism is called "regression". This occurs when you start to act as if you are younger than you actually are; you act like a child. You forget everything, and sometimes you become careless and irresponsible. The third kind of defense mechanism is called "isolation". You would rather be home alone, and you don't want to communicate with anybody. With isolation, you try to avoid the effects of culture shock, or at least that's what you think. Isolation is one of the worst coping mechanisms you can use because it separates you from those things that could really help you. The last type of defense mechanism is called "rejection". With this coping mechanism, you think you don't need anybody. You feel you are coping fine alone, so you don't try to ask for help.
The defense mechanisms you utilize in the hostility stage are not helpful. If you only occasionally use one of these coping mechanisms to help yourself survive, that is acceptable. You must be cautious, however. These mechanisms can really hurt you because they prevent you from making necessary adjustments to the new culture.
After you deal with your hostile feelings, recognition of the temporary nature of culture shock begins. Then you come to the third stage called "recovery". In this stage, you start feeling more positive, and you try to develop comprehension of everything you don't understand. The whole situation starts to become more favorable; you recover from the symptoms of the first two stages, and you adjust yourself to the new norms, values, and even beliefs and traditions of the new country. You begin to see that even though the distinction of the culture is different from your own, it has elements that you can learn to appreciate.
The last stage of culture shock is called "adjustment". In this stage, you have reached a point where you actually feel good because you have learned enough to understand the new culture. The things that initially made you feel uncomfortable or strange are now things that you understand. This acquisition of understanding alleviates much of the stress. Now you feel comfortable; you have adjusted to the new culture.
Culture shock is not something you can avoid when living in a foreign country. It does not seem like a very helpful experience when you are going through its four stages. However, when you have completely adjusted to a new culture you can more fully enjoy it. You learn how to interact with other people, and you learn a considerable amount about life in a culture that is not your own. Furthermore, learning about other cultures and how to adjust to the shock of living in them helps you learn more about yourself.
你认为在异国留学是一件听上去非常令人兴奋的事情吗？ 你会像许多离家去另一个国家学习的年轻人一样感觉很有趣吗？ 这当然是一种崭新的经历，它会给你带来机会，让你发现许多迷人的东西，获得一种自由感。然而，尽管有这些好处，你也会遇到挑战。因为你的观点可能会与存在于不同国家的不同信念、准则、价值观念和传统发生冲突。你也许会感到很难去适应一种新的文化以及该文化中你不熟悉的那些部分。这就是“文化冲击”。人们经历文化冲击的过程至少包括四个主要阶段。
第一阶段叫做“蜜月期”。在这一阶段，你会感到生活在一个不同国度里很兴奋，而且每一样东西看上去都妙不可言。你什么都喜欢，而且好像每个人都对你很好。另外，新的文化中的生活乐趣好像是无穷无尽的。
然而，文化冲击的第二阶段终究会出现，这就是“敌对期”。你开始注意到并不是每样东西都像你原先认为的那样好。你会对新的文化里的许多东西感到厌倦。此外，人们也不再把你当作一个客人来对待了。所有最初看上去非常美好的东西现在变得让人讨厌了，而且每一样东西都使你感到苦恼和厌倦。
通常，在你适应一种新文化的这一阶段中，你会想出一些防卫性的办法来帮助你应付难关，保护自己免受文化冲击的影响。其中一种办法叫做“压抑法”。当你假装所有的东西都可以接受，没有什么东西
令你感到烦恼的时候，你就是在运用压抑法。另一种防卫性办法称做“倒退法”。当你的行为举止开始显得比你实际年龄要小的时候，你就是在运用这种办法。这时，你的行为举止像一个小孩。你把什么都忘掉了，而且有时你会变得粗心大意，不负责任。第三种防卫性办法叫做“孤立法”。你宁可一个人呆在家里，不想和任何人交流。你想把自己封闭起来以避免文化冲击的影响，至少你是这样认为的。孤立法也许是人们用来对付文化冲击的最糟糕的办法之一，因为你把那些能真正帮助你的东西和你隔离开来了。最后一种防卫性办法叫做“排斥法”。这一办法让你觉得自己不需要任何人帮助。你觉得你可以独自把事情处理好，所以你就不想求助于人。
你在敌意阶段使用的这些办法并不能解决问题。如果你仅仅是偶尔运用一下其中一个应付办法来帮助你生存下去，这也无妨。但是你必须谨慎。这些办法可能会真的使你受到伤害，因为它们会阻碍你对新的文化作出必要的调整。
在克服了自己的敌对情绪后，你就会开始认识到文化冲击的短暂性。然后你就会步入被称为“恢复期”的第三阶段。在这个阶段，你开始变得积极起来，而且你会努力去理解所有你不理解的东西。整个形势开始变得对你有利了，你会从前面两个阶段出现的症状中恢复过来。而且你开始使自己适应新的准则、新的价值观念，乃至这个新的国家的各种信念和传统。你开始明白，虽然这种新的文化的特点和你自己国家的文化特点有所不同，但其中也必定有值得你学习和欣赏的东西。
文化冲击的最后一个阶段被称为“适应期”。在这个阶段，你真正达到了感觉良好的境界，因为你已经学到了很多东西，已经能理解这种新的文化了。最初使你感到不舒服或陌生的东西，现在已成了你能理解的东西。这种理解会减轻你的许多压力。现在你感到自在了，你已经适应了新的文化。
文化冲击是生活在异国他乡的人无法避免的东西。当你在经历文化冲击的这四个阶段时，它似乎并不是一件有益的事。然而，当你完全适应了某一种新的文化时，你会更加充分地喜爱这种文化的。你学会了如何和他人交流，而且还了解了不同文化背景下人们的大量生活情况。此外，了解其他各种文化，以及懂得当你身处其中时如何去适应所受到的冲击，可以帮助你更好地了解自己。
Unit 2
Learning the Olympic Standard for Love
Nikolai Petrovich Anikin was not half as intimidating as I had imagined he would be. No, this surely was not the ex-Soviet coach my father had shipped me out to meet.
But Nikolai he was, Petrovich and all. He invited me inside and sat down on the couch, patting the blanket next to him to get me to sit next to him. I was so nervous in his presence.
"You are young," he began in his Russian-style English. "If you like to try for Olympic Games, I guess you will be able to do this. Nagano Olympics too soon for you, but for 2002 in Salt Lake City, you could be ready."
"Yes, why not?" he replied to the shocked look on my face. I was a promising amateur skier, but by no means the top skier in the country. "Of course, there will be many hard training sessions, and you will cry, but you will improve."
To be sure, there were countless training sessions full of pain and more than a few tears, but in the five years that followed I could always count on being encouraged by Nikolai's amusing stories and sense of humor.
"My friends, they go in the movies, they go in the dance, they go out with girls," he would start. "But I," he would continue, lowering his voice, "I am practice, practice, practice in the stadium. And by the next year, I had cut 1-1/2 minutes off my time in the 15-kilometer race!
"My friends asked me, 'Nikolai, how did you do it?' And I replied, 'You go in the movies, you go in the dance, you go out with girls, but I am practice, practice, practice.'
Here the story usually ended, but on one occasion, which we later learned was his 25th wedding anniversary, he stood proudly in a worn woolen sweater and smiled and whispered, "And I tell you, I am 26 years old before I ever kiss a girl! She was the woman I later marry."
Romantic and otherwise, Nikolai knew love. His consistent good humor, quiet gratitude, perceptivity, and sincerity set an Olympic standard for love that I continue to reach for, even though my skiing days are over.
Still, he never babied me. One February day I had a massive headache and felt quite fatigued. I came upon him in a clearing, and after approximately 15 minutes of striding into the cold breeze over the white powder to catch him, I fussed, "Oh, Nikolai, I feel like I am going to die."
"When you are a hundred years old, everybody dies," he said, indifferent to my pain. "But now," he continued firmly. "Now must be ski, ski, ski."
And, on skis, I did what he said. On other matters, though, I was rebellious. Once, he packed 10 of us into a Finnish bachelor's tiny home for a low-budget ski camp. We awoke the first morning to find Nikolai making breakfast and then made quick work with our spoons while sitting on makeshift chairs around a tiny card table. When we were finished, Nikolai stacked the sticky bowls in front of my sole female teammate and me, asserting, "Now, girls do dishes!"
I threw my napkin on the floor and swore at him, "Ask the damn boys! This is unfair." He never asked this of me again, nor did he take much notice of my outburst. He saved his passion for skiing.
When coaching, he would sing out his instructions keeping rhythm with our stride: "Yes, yes, one-two-three, one-two-three." A dear lady friend of my grandfather, after viewing a copy of a video of me training with Nikolai, asked, "Does he also teach dance?"
In training, I worked without rest to correct mistakes that Nikolai pointed out and I asked after each pass if it was better.
"Yes, it's OK. But the faster knee down, the better."
"But is it fast enough?" I'd persist.
Finally he would frown and say, "Billion times you make motion—then be perfect," reminding me in an I've-told-you-a-billion-times tone, "You must be patient."
Nikolai's patience and my hard work earned me a fourth-place national ranking heading into the pre-Olympic season, but then I missed the cut for the 2002 Olympics.
Last summer, I returned to visit Nikolai. He made me tea... and did the dishes! We talked while sitting on his couch. Missing the Olympic Team the previous year had made me pause and reflect on what I had gained—not the least of which was a quiet, indissoluble bond with a short man in a tropical shirt.
Nikolai taught me to have the courage, heart, and discipline to persist, even if it takes a billion tries. He taught me to be thankful in advance for a century of life on earth, and to remind myself every day that despite the challenges at hand, "Now must be love, love, love."
尼克莱?彼得罗维奇?安尼金一点都不像我想象的那么吓人。不，他不可能是我父亲特地送我来见的那位前苏联教练。
可他的确是尼克莱?彼得罗维奇?安尼金本人。他请我进门，在沙发上坐下，又拍了拍身边的垫子，让我坐在他旁边。在他面前，我真的很紧张。
“你还年轻，”他的英语带着俄语口音：“如果你愿意试着向奥林匹克运动会进军，我想你能行。长野奥运会来不及参加了，但你可以准备参加2002年盐湖城奥运会。”
“完全可以，不是吗？”看到我脸上惊愕的表情，他又说道。我那时是一个很有前途的业余滑雪运动员，但在国内决不是顶尖选手。
“当然，你需要进行很多艰苦的训练，你会哭鼻子，但你一定会进步的。”
的确，后来我经历了无数痛苦的训练，还为此流了不少眼泪。但在后来的五年里，我总能从尼克莱讲的有趣故事和他的幽默感中得到鼓励。
他开始总是说：“我的朋友们常去看电影，去跳舞，去和女孩子约会，”然后他会压低嗓门接着说：“我就在运动场上训练、训练、再训练。第二年，我的15公里滑雪比赛成绩缩短了1.5分钟。”
“朋友们问我：‘尼克莱，你怎么做到的呢？’我回答：‘你们去看电影、跳舞、和女孩子约会，而我一直在训练、训练、再训练。’”
故事通常到这儿就结束了。但有一次──后来我们知道那天是他结婚25周年纪念日──他穿着一件
《新视野大学英语第二版(2)读写教程完形填空原文和翻译》出自：百味书屋
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