篇一：高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结
虚拟语气用法总结大全
一． 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中
二．虚拟语气在名词从句中
1.在由suggest, demand, require, request, insist, order, command, propose等表示建议、请求、命令、愿望等动
词或其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律——名词从句虚拟句无
论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为should+动词原形，其中should可以省去。（特别
三． 虚拟语气的其他用法
省
一． 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中
1. — If the traffic hadn't been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o'clock.
—What a pity! Tina ______ here to see you. (2005 湖南)
A. is B. was C. would be D. has been
2. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love, at the age of seven, with the
Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. (2002 上海)
A. wouldn't have fallenB. had not fallen C. should fallD. were to fall
3. He hesitated（犹豫） for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ______ a goal. (2001 上海春)
A. had scored B. scoredC. would score D. would have scored
4. You didn't let me drive. If we _____in turn, you_____ so tired. (NMET96)
A. drove; didn't get B. drove; wouldn't get
C. were driving; wouldn't getD. had driven; wouldn't have got
5. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she ______, she would have met my brother. (1994全国)
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
6. -----If he__________, he __________that food.
------Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (MET93)
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; would not have taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
7. If it_____ for the snow, we_____ the mountain yesterday. (MET91)
A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb
C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb
8. Without electricity human life____ quite different today. (MET91)
A. is B. will beC. would have been D. would be
11. --- Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
--- I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview. (福建34’)
A. attendedB. had attendedC. would attendD. would have attended
12. I _______ through that bitter period without your generous help. ( 陕西 22’)
A. couldn’t have goneB. didn’t go C. wouldn’t go D. hadn’t gone
13. I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. (天津15’)
A. had come B. was comingC. would come D. would have come
14. I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I fully occupied the whole of
last week.
A. were B. had been C. have been D. was
（2010浙江）
A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved
17. ---- The weather has been very hot and dry.
---- Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my
（2010北京）
A. wouldn’t die B. didn’t die C. hadn’t died D. wouldn’t have died
18. If we the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. (2010湖南)
A .followedB .should follow C. had followed D. would follow
20. This printer is of good quality. If it _______ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our
expense.(09天津 15) A. would B. shouldC. couldD. might
21. ------ Did you go to his wedding ceremony yesterday ?------- No. But I would if I had been free. (改错)
二．虚拟语气在名词从句中
1. — Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
— I wish theyalways late. （北京28’）
A. weren’t B. hadn’t beenC. wouldn’t be D. wouldn’t have been
2. ______ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account. (05 上海)
A. What is required B. What requires C. It is requiredD. It requires
3. —— Don't you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York?
—— I agree, but the problem is ______ he has refused to. (2005 江苏)
A. will not be sent; thatB. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what
4. ① The chairman suggested that the meeting _________________(put off) until the next week.
② The look on his face suggested that he ____________(be) angry with what you did.
5. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don’t think we （08山东）
A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed
6. The doctor recommended that you ____swim after eating a large meal.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’tC. needn’tD. shouldn’t(09浙江13)
7. ①The man in prison insisted that he _________ nothing wrong and _________ set free.
A. had done, should be B. should do, should be C. had done, had been D. should do, had been
②The patient insisted that he _________ ill and _________ to the hospital.
A. wasn’t, wasn’t sent
C. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent
8.The workers demanded that their wages ＿＿＿ by 20 percent.
A. raisedB. raiseC. should have been raisedD. be raised
9. At the meeting everybody was against his suggestion that a new bridge ＿＿＿ over the river.
A. be builtB. must be builtC. was to be builtD. had to be built
10. It is politely requested by the hotel manager that radios ＿＿＿ after 11 o’clock at night.
A. were not playedB. not be playedC. not to playD. did not play
11. It is essential(必要的，重要的) that the books you borrowed from the library ＿＿＿ back before the
deadline(截止日期).
A. be sentB. would be sentC. were sentD. must be sent
三． 虚拟语气的其他用法
1. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ＿＿＿ your advice.
A. followB. had followedC. would followD. have followed
2. Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night ______, too cold for us to live. (97 上海)
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen coldD. can freeze coldly
3. It is necessary ＿＿＿ the dictionary immediately.
A. that he will returnB. that he returnedC. that he returnD. that he has to return
4. It’s already five o’clock now. Do you think it’s about time ＿＿＿ ?
A. we are going homeB. we go homeC. we went homeD. we can go home
5. It ‘s high time you ＿＿＿ that you are not the most important person in the world
A. realizedB. have realizedC. realizeD. should be realizing
6. You don’t have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you ＿＿＿ on business first.
A. would go B. will goC. wentD. have gone
7. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he
A .focus B. focused C. would focusD. had focused（2010江苏）
8. I have watched that movie——it’ll give me horrible dreams.
A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’tD. mustn’t （2010山东）
9. But for their help, we ___ the program in time. (09安徽34)
A. can not finish B. will not finish C. had not finishedD. could not have finished
10. But for the help of my English teacher, I ____ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A. would not win B. would not have won C. would winD. would have won (09福建35)
（08江西）
A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done
12. If it were not for the fact that she _____ sing, I would invite her to the party. (2006 福建)
A. couldn’t B. could C. can’t D. might not
13. ______ fired, your health care and other benefits would be immediately cut off.(2006 湖北)
A. Would you beB. Should you beC. Could you be D. Might you be
14. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ______. (1995 全国)
A. breaksB. has brokenC. were broken D. had been broken
15. ______for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films often. (1995 上海)
A. If it is not B. Were it notC. Had it not been D. If they were not
16. What would have happened _________ , as far as the river bank? (NMET 2001 上海)
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther C. if Bob walked farther
篇二：英语语法之虚拟语气
虚拟语气
篇三：英语语法-虚拟语气
高二英语语法讲义 U7-8 by Allan Young 11/29-12/18/2004 虚拟语气（式）
The Subjunctive Mood
一．语气的基本概念
mood n. Grammar = A set of verb forms or inflections used to indicate the speaker's attitude toward the factuality (实在性) or likelihood (可能性) of the action or condition expressed. In English the indicative mood (=expressing a fact or action) is used to make factual statements, the imperative mood to express a command, the interrogative mood to express a question, and the subjunctive mood to indicate a doubt, wish or unlikelihood. (--AHD & LDOCE)
【语法】语气用来强调说话人对表达的行为或条件的真实性或可能性、所持有态度的一系列动词形态或变化形式。在英语中陈述语气用于描绘真实的陈述，祈使语气用来表达一个命令，疑问语气来用来提出问题或质疑，而虚拟语气则用于强调怀疑或不可能。
语气（mood）其实是动词的一种形式变化。它是区别说话人以何种口气说话的动词形式。这和中文中的语气是不太一样的。中文“语气”[tone; manner of speaking]义为“说话的口气”，如“用友好的语气说”、“语气凌人”。英文中“语气”[mood] 表示陈述、疑问、祈使、感叹等语法范畴。它表示说话者对所指动词或状态所持的态度，而且，这种语气在谓语动词上有所体现，而中文没有这种体现。英语的“语气”一般用不同的声调和语调来表达。这是另一个范畴的知识了。
二．语气及其分类
英语中语气有三种（可细分为四种）：陈述语气（Indicative mood）、疑问语气（Interrogative mood）、祈使语气（Imperative mood）和虚拟语气（Subjunctive mood）。
1）陈述语气 表示讲话人陈述一个事实或提出一个看法，有肯定、否定、感叹和疑问等形式。 There are two sides to every question．每个问题都有两个方面。
The girl becomes more and more beautiful.
2）疑问语气 表示讲话人提出质疑或疑问。（可认为是从陈述语气中细分出来） Have you finished the project? What are you working on?
3）祈使语气 表示讲话人对对方的请求、邀请、警告、劝告或命令等。
Don't be late for class．上课不要迟到。Please come earlier next time.
4）虚拟语气（the Subjunctive Mood）表示说话人所说的话不是事实而是一种假设、愿望等。 subjunctive adj.=Of, relating to, or being a mood of a verb used in some languages to express doubt, wishes etc. or for contingent (可能的) or hypothetical (假设的) action, action viewed subjectively, or grammatically subordinate statements. For example, in “if I were you”, the verb “to be” is in the subjunctive. (--AHD)
【语法】虚拟的，属于、有关或构成一种或一组动词形式的。这种形式是用来说明被表示的行为或状态不是事实，而是思想上认为是可能发生的，或带着某些情感来看待的事情。类似汉语的“假设”。
虚拟语气实际上是一种特殊的谓语动词形式，如：I were，He be，She return等(时动词不再有人称、数和时态的相应变化，而是用规定的动词型表示特定的意念或情况)，用来表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是表示一种难实现主观愿望、建议、命令、要求、请求、猜测、可能、空想、懊悔、遗憾、委婉的批评或与事实相反的一点残余。只有在特定的语境才会出现，实际很简单，容易掌握，它在现代英语中已不是重要的语法范畴，但在实际运用可执行多种交际功能，表达上述诸多内容，故应用较广，实用性强，仍需理解掌握常见句型和词汇用法，如此即可。
三．虚拟语气的应用 （注：本讲义只讨论常见应用情况和各英语考试所涉及范畴）
一）虚拟语气的动词型 (verb forms)
虚拟语气中的谓语动词基本有两种类型:BE型和WERE型。BE型为动词原形，无论主语是第几人称，动词一律用原型，主要用于名词性从句和某些公式化语句中；WERE型无论主语是第几人称（在第一、三人称单数主语后也可用was代替），动词一律用
were(did型也可包括在内)，主要用于if 条件句中和固定句型中。
虚拟语气在英语的简单句和复合句中都有应用。
二）虚拟语气在简单句中 (In simple sentences) BE型虚拟语气
一般表示祝愿、委婉、谦虚、礼貌、愿望、请求、劝告、建议、诅咒等。这时常用于一些固定句型中，为BE型虚拟语气。
例：Would you be kind enough to help me with these problems? 委婉
It would be better for you not to stay up late. 建议You had better leave now. 劝告 Would you like a cup of tea? May you be happy in the future！祝愿 God bless you！一路平安（送别时用语）。 God damn you! 该死！Heaven forbid! 天理难容。 So be it. 就这样吧。/但愿如此。 *Long live our friendship！??万岁!
三）虚拟语气在复合句中 (In compound sentences)
虚拟语气在英语的复合句——名词性从句，形容词性从句和副词性从句中都有应用。
（一）．副词性从句Adverbial Clause ——状语从句
1 (Conditional Sentences)
条件句可分两种，一类是真实条件句，另一类是非真实条件句（或叫虚拟条件句）。
1）真实条件句 Real conditional sentences
真实条件句中使用陈述语气，因为句子表达的想象或假想是真实存在的或有实现的可能性。时态变化为“主将从现”，句型：
一般现在时 将来时shall/will +动词原型
例：If I have thirty dollars, I shall/ will buy a good dictionary.
If she comes, she will explain her plan for this project.
I shall not succeed unless (=if…not…) I count on your help.
【注意】：表示不变的事实或真理时，主句谓语动词应同样使用一般现在时，不用将来时。 例：If a rectangle has equal sides, it is a square (不能说it will/ shall be a square).
2）非真实条件句 Ueal conditional sentences
如果从句假设的情况与事实相反，或是根本不可能发生或是发生的可能性很小，这就是非真实条件句，即虚拟条件句。
虚拟条件句的谓语动词的形式不同于真实条件句的谓语动词形式。虚拟条件句动词
If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.
如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。（表示愿望）
If he came here, he might be able to help you.
如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。（表示对他的良好印象）
If I were you, I should do it. 如果我是你的话，我就要做这件事。（与现在事实相反，还如下面例句） If I were you, I would study hard. If it rained, I would not be（2）与过去事实相反的假设的动词形式（从句和主句）
例：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。
If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept
今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。
If he had come a few minutes earlier, he would have met me.（与过去事实相反）
If the doctor would have saved.
If I had not studied hard, I would have failed（3）与将来事实相反的假设的动词形式（从句和主句）
例：If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of computer science.If you were to come tomorrow, I should ask you to help me with my work.（与将来事实相反） If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.
If it should fail, I would try again. 要是失败了，我会再试一次。
If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.
【注意】：
? 虚拟语气谓语动词的形式一般不受主语的人称和数的影响。但主语的人称对主句中should和would的使用还是有一定的影响。英国英语的第一人称常用should，其他人称用would，而美国英语即使第一人称也常用would。情态动词could，might等除了可以用于主句外，有时也可以用于从句。If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。
? If条件句的特殊结构：“If it were not for…”或“If it had not been for…”，“If it were not for…”或“If it had not been for…”相当于but for或without（?见隐含条件句）。
If it weren't for your help，he could never go to college．
? 虚拟条件句的谓语动词形式表的灵活应用。应用虚拟条件句的谓语动词表可有一定的灵活性。
A．用进行时替换相应的一般时，如用过去进行时代替一般过去时，表示与现在事实相反。
B．用完成进行时替换相应的完成时，如用过去完成进行时替换过去完成时，仍表示与过去事实相反。 If it had been raining yesterday，I would not have come here．
如果昨天还在下雨的话，我就不会到这里来。
2）错综时间虚拟条件句
上面几种假设类型中，主句与从句的谓语动词形式应前后呼应。但是，在使用虚拟条件句时，由于语言环境的千差万别，各种时间关系交叉、混合使用是很常见的。有些条件状语从句和主句的时态关系需要根据具体时间，即句中的时间状语来变化，此时就会出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，而条件句也许是发生在过去的情况。如逻辑上讲得通，主句和从句的动词型可进行各种各样的搭配。此时主句与从句的动作发生的时间不一致，谓语动词形式应做适当调整，要注意分析句子含义。情况如下：
（1）过去时与现在时混合使用。即条件句为与过去事实相反的假设，而主句为与现在事实相反的说法。
例：If he had followed the doctor's advice, he would be all right now.（主句与现在事实相反）
（2）现在时与过去时混合使用。
例：If he could pass the exam now, he would have passed it last time.
他要是现在考试及格，那他上次就及格了。 （从句与过去事实相反） He would pass the test if he had taken my advice.
（3）现在时与将来时混合使用。
例：The work would be finished next week. （主句与将来事实相反）
If he were here now, he was to start off with us tomorrow.
如果他现在在这，明天他会和我们一道出发。
If I had a bike (now), I would have lent it to you yesterday.
假如我有自行车，昨天早就借给你了。(主句与过去事实相反，从句与现在事实相反。)
I am very sorry if I had done anything wrong to you, but I am sure that it was unintentional. 如果我当时对你作错了什么事，我向你表示抱歉。但我敢保证我不是故意的。
3）隐含虚拟条件句
按照上表，主句和条件从句中的谓语动词形式是相互呼应的，有着固定的搭配关系。 但是，有时假设的情况也可以并不以条件从句表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语来表示，或通过上下文或其他方式表示出来。这些情况包括用动词不定式、比较级、介词without（或with no）, but for (如果不是因为), but that…(如果不是因为?), in case of, under more favourable condition，supposing,等等表示“如果没有”的介词或词组表示让步假设。 例：We could have done better under more favorable conditions.
假设我们有更有利条件，我们还会做得更好。
Without air, we would not live even for five minutes. 没有空气，我们连五分钟都活不了。 Without you, I would never know him.
But for air and water，nothing could live．要是没有空气和水，也就不能有生命。
But for your cooperation, we wouldn’t have done the work so well.
But that she was afraid (=If she had not been afraid), she would have said no.
4）省略虚拟条件句
在条件句中会有省略情况出现。有如下几种：
① 省略if的虚拟条件句（也称“倒装虚拟句”）：如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were, were to, had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去，构成部分倒装（见“倒装”讲义）。
例：Had you not helped me，I should have failed. I would go, should it be necessary. Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.
Were John here at present, I would explain the whole matter to you all.
Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.
Were they to go skiing, they would call for me in advance.
Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.
● 如果没有were，had和should则不能省略if，当然也不能倒装。
● 如果had不作助动词而是谓语动词，则不能倒装。If I had money,…;→Had I money(×) ● 一般If I were you…不能说 Were I you,….
② 条件从句的省略：He could not fly（if he tried）．（即使他试的话）他无论如何不能飞。 ③ 条件主句的省略：If only I had more money！要是我有更多的钱就好了！
④ suppose (that…) 或 supposing（=if）
例：What if supposing it were so?（=Supposing it were so, what would happen？）
● suppose后也可用陈述语气。
Suppose that it rains, what shall we do? (suppose that=if, 表示真实条件，用陈述语气。) Suppose that it rained, what should we do? (suppose that=if, 表示非真实条件，对将来之假想。)
5）跳层虚拟条件句
有时条件概念通过跳过一层含义而含蓄表达出来，如用连词but, 以及or, or else, otherwise, on condition that等常暗含含蓄条件的连词或短语等手段来表示虚拟条件还可以根据内容的需要来应用虚拟语气。
◆前一分句虚拟，but这部分句子动词不用虚拟语气，而是陈述事实；
例：A true friend would have lent a hand.(If he dad been a true friend, he would have lent a hand) I would not have acted as you did. (If I had been you, I would…)
I would be most glad to help you, but I’ am busy now.
I would have come to the party yesterday, but I was working.
She would have come here，but she was too busy with her homework．
◆or, otherwise 之后用虚拟，主句陈述事实。
I am busy now, otherwise I would do you the favor!
He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. 他刻苦工作，不然他就失败了。
注意：*Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it. 抓住机会，否则你要后悔的。（可实现的情况）
2 (clauses of manner)
由as if或as though引导的方式状语从句的谓语动词常常使用虚拟语气动词形式，但动词形式取决于说话人的意图，在某些语境中,如不表假设意义，则不必用过去式，尤其有迹象表明之时。其特点是：现在使用过去式；过去使用过去的过去；将来使用过去将来，不管主句谓语动词形式如何。as if所引导的从句可充当状语，也可以充当表语，常用于look和seem之后。as if常用作与事实相反的比喻。对它后面从句时态的理解与wish同理：即注意分析主句和从句发生的时间先后关系。 例：He spoke/ speaks as if he were a foreigner. （同时发生）
She loves the children as if they were hers.
When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as though it were broken.
He spoke/speaks as if he had done something wrong. （“好像以前作错了事”——先于主句发生） Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.
They look rather puzzled as if they didn't know anything about it.
I feel as if I was/ were going to faint. (好像要…) I feel as if I am going to faint. (真的就要?) *It looks as if it is going to rain.It seems as if we will have to go home on foot.
3．虚拟语气在让步状语从句中的应用 (concessional sentences)
1）以be开头的让步状语从句
Be the problem easy or difficult, this method works. 不管问题容易还是难，这种方法都起作用。
2）though, although, even though/if 可用来引出虚拟让步句，把让步作为假设。 Though he studies hard, he cannot pass the test.
即使他学习用功，他考试还是不及格。(事实，他很用功)
Though he study hard, he cannot pass the test. （假设，事实是没有用功。）
Though he blame me, yet I will trust him.
Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem at once, either.
● though后的句子也可用陈述句，这时可与although通用。有虚拟语气时，也可用although。
3）otherwise，or else或 or否则，不然 (参见上面隐含虚拟句)
4 (clauses of purpose)
由so that/ in order that（为了??）引导的从句中的谓语动词常常使用情态动词，如 might/ could/ would/should等。还有表示消极目的的目的状语从句连词词组for fear that（以免），lest（以免，免得，惟恐，正式书面用语），for fear that（免得，），和in case（惟恐,以免万一）引导目的状语从句的谓语多用（should）＋动词原形。
例：He tried his best to study in order that he might pass the exams.
他尽力学习，以便考试及格。
I got there earlier than usual so that I could be the first one to enter the church.
我比平时起得早，目的是我能够第一个进入教堂。
He’s working hard for fear that he should fail in the exam. 他加紧学习唯恐考试不及格。 He studies very hard，lest he fail in the examination．他学习很刻苦，惟恐考试不及格。 We dare not play jokes on Mr. Wang lest he should become angry.
我们不敢跟王先生开玩笑，恐怕他生气。
He hurried on, lest he should drop out in the forced match. 他加紧步伐，生怕在急行军中掉队。 Every attention must be paid to him lest he (should) feel that he is inferior to my other guests. 我对他特别关照，唯恐他感觉到比我的其他客人低人一等。
He hid the receipts somewhere for fear that it be taken away.
You’d better leave the key at home in case one of us think of coming back.
《虚拟语气,英语语法》出自：百味书屋
链接地址：http://www.850500.com/news/91069.html
转载请保留,谢谢!