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小学英语考试知识点

2017-01-03 06:24:07 来源网站: 百味书屋

小学英语考试知识点

  基础知识

  1.字母:26个字母的大小写

  A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

  a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

  2.语音:元音的发音

  5个元音字母:A E I O U

  12个单元音:

  前元音:[i:] [ɪ] [e] [æ]

  中元音:[ɜ:] [ə]

  后元音:[ɑ:] [ɒ] [ɔ:] [u:] [ʊ] [ʌ]

  双元音(8个)合口双元音[ai] [ei] [au] [əu] [ɔi]集中双元音[iə] [εə] [uə]

  3.词汇:词汇量,近反义词4.句子:大小写,标点符号语法知识

  (一)名词单复数

  一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds

  以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches

  以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变 y 为 i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries

  以“f 或 fe”结尾,变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives

  不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-micechild-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese

  不可数名词的复数就是原形:paper,juice, water, milk, rice, tea

  (二)名词的格

  (1) 有生命的东西的名词所有格:a) 单数后加 's 如: Lucy's ruler, my father's shirtb) 以s 结尾的复数名词后加 ’ 如: his friends' bagsc) 不以s 结尾的复数后加's children's shoes并列名词中,如果把 's加在最后一个名词后,表示共有, 如:Tom and Mike's car 汤姆和迈克共有的小汽车要表示所有物不是共有的,应分别在并列名词后加's, 如:Tom's and Mike's cars 汤姆和麦克各自的小汽车

  (2) 表示无生命东西的名词通常用“of +名词”来表示所有关系:如: a picture of the classroom a map of China

  冠词

  (1) 不定冠词:a / an a unit / an uncle

  元音开头的可数名词前用an :

  an egg / an apple / an orange

  (2) 定冠词:the

  the egg / the plane

  2. 用法:

  定冠词的用法:

  特指某(些)人或某(些)物:The ruler is on the desk.

  复述上文提到的人或物:He has a sweater. The sweater is new.

  谈话双方都知道的人或物:The boys aren't at school.

  在序数词前:John's birthday is February the second.

  用于固定词组中:in the morning / afternoon / evening

  不用冠词的情况:

  专有名词前:China is a big country.

  名词前有定语:this , that , my , your , some, any , no 等:

  This is my baseball.

  复数名词表示一类人和事:Monkeys can't swim. They are teachers.

  在节日,日期,月份,季节前:Today is Christmas Day. It's Sunday.

  一日三餐前:We have breakfast at 6:30.

  球类 棋类运动前:They often play football after class. He plays chess at home.

  * 但乐器前要用定冠词:I play the guitar very well.

  学科名称前:My favorite subject is music.

  在称呼或头衔的名词前:This is Mr Li.

  固定词组中:at noon at night by bus

  代词、形容词、副词

  代词:人称代词,物主代词

  形容词,副词:比较级,最高级

  (一)、形容词的比较级

  1. 形容词比较级在句子中的运用:

  两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词 than。比较级前面可以用more, a little来修饰表示程度。than后的人称代词用主格(口语中可用宾格)。

  2. 形容词加er的规则:

  一般在词尾加er ;以字母e 结尾,加r ;以一个元音字母和一个辅音字母结尾,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加er ;以“辅音字母+y”结尾,先把y变i,再加er 。

  3. 不规则形容词比较级:good-better, beautiful-more beautiful(二)副词的比较级  1. 形容词与副词的区别(有be用形,有形用be;有动用副,有副用动)

  ⑴在句子中形容词一般处于名词之前或be动词之后

  ⑵副词在句子中最常见的是处于实义动词之后

  2. 副词比较级的变化规则基本与形容词比较级相同(不规则变化:well-better, far-farther)

  数词

  (1) 1-20one,two, three, our, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty(2) 21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one(3) 101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数;586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three(4) 1,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand. 第二个“,”前为million,第三个“,”前为billion1,001→ one thousand and one18,423→ eighteen thousand four hundred and twenty-three6,260,309→ six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine750,000,000,000→ seven hundred and fifty bilion

  序数词

  (1) 一般在基数词后加 th

  eg. four→fourth, thirteen→thirteenth

  (2) 不规则变化

  one→first,

  two→second,

  three→third,

  five→fifth,

  eight→eighth,

  nine→ninth,

  twelve—twelfth

  (3) 以 y 结尾的十位整数,变 y 为 ie 再加 th

  twenty→twentieth,

  forty→fortieth,

  ninety→ninetieth

  (4) 从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。

  twenty-first,

  two hundred and forty-fifth

  基数词

  基数词转为序数词的口诀:

  基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th.

  一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母 t, d, d.

  八去t, 九去e, ve要用f替。

  ty 将 y变成 i,th 前面有个 e.

  若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。

  介词

  1. at 表示时间概念的某一个点。(在某时刻、时间、阶段等)。at 1:00 (dawn,midnight , noon) 在一点钟(黎明、午夜、中午)2.on1) 表示具体日期。注:(1)关于"在周末"的几种表示法:

  at (on) the weekend在周末---特指

  at (on) weekends在周末---泛指

  over the weekend在整个周末

  during the weekend在周末期间(2)在圣诞节,应说 at Christmas? 而不说 on Christmas?

  2) 在(刚……)的时候On reaching the city he called up his parents.一到城里他就给父母打了一个电话。3.in1) 表示"时段"、"时期",在多数情况下可以和 during 互换,前者强调对比,后者强调持续。 in (during) 1988 (December, the 20th century) 在一九八八年(十二月、二十世纪)

  动词:动词的四种时态

  (1) 一般现在时:一般现在时的构成

  1. be动词:主语+be (am, is, are)+其它。如:I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。

  2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English. 我们学习英语。

  当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。动词+s的变化规则

  1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks

  2.以s. x. sh. ch. o 结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes

  3.以“辅音字母+y 结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

  (2) 一般过去时:  动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:A、规则动词

  ① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited

  ② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used

  ③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改 y 为 i 再加 ed (此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加 y ,所以不属于此类)

  ④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped

  B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt(3) 一般将来时:基本结构:

  ①be going to + do;

  ②will+ do. be going to = will

  I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.(4) 现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则:

  ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating

  ② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing,如having , writing

  ③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting

  句法

  1.陈述句

  (1) 肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:

  I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital.

  There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening.

  (2) 否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:

  I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor.

  He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.

  He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening.

  2. 疑问句一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用“yes",或“no”来回答。特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词 (what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等) 开头引导的句子。此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用“yes /no”来回答。3.There be句型There be 句型与have, has的区别

  1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)

  2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is ; 主语是复数,be 动词用are ; 如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。

  3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。

  4、there be 句型与have(has) 的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人); have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。

  5、some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句, any 用于否定句或疑问句。

  6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句, or 用于否定句或疑问句。

  7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语?How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?

  8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:What's + 介词短语?

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