篇一：复活节中英文介绍NO.1
复活节
As with almost all "Christian" holidays, Easter has been secularized and
commercialized. The dichotomous nature of Easter and its symbols, however, is not necessarily a modern fabrication.
和其它基督教节日一样，复活节正慢慢“被世俗”和“被商业”。即便如此，复活节的这两个性质和它的标志并不是必然的“现代产物”。
The history of Easter 复活节的历史
Since its conception as a holy celebration in the second century, Easter has had its non-religious side. In fact, Easter was originally a pagan festival.
“复活节是神圣的庆典”的概念在公元200年已经形成，自那时起，复活节就站在了非宗教的一方。而事实上，最初的复活节是异教徒的节日。
The ancient Saxons celebrated the return of spring with an uproarious festival commemorating their goddess of offspring and of springtime, Eastre. When the second-century Christian missionaries encountered the tribes of the north with their pagan celebrations, they attempted to convert them to Christianity. They did so, however, in a clandestine manner.
古撒克逊人庆祝春至时非常热闹，因为这也纪念他们祖先和春天的“复活”。在公元200年，基督教的传教士并偶然来到这个拥有异教庆典的北方部落。这些传教士尝试让撒克逊人改信基督教，而他们使用的方法非常隐秘。
It would have been suicide for the very early Christian converts to celebrate their holy days with observances that did not coincide with celebrations that already existed. To save lives, the missionaries cleverly decided to spread their religious message slowly throughout the populations by allowing them to continue to celebrate pagan feasts, but to do so in a Christian manner.
早期的基督教人为了庆祝他们神圣的节日而在仪式中自杀，然而这些仪式并没有与以前的庆祝仪式相类似。为了拯救生命，传教士略施小计，在人群中慢慢散布神明的信息，谎称神明允许人们继续庆祝异教节日，但是要使用基督教的方式进行庆祝。
As it happened, the pagan festival of Eastre occurred at the same time of year as the Christian observance of the Resurrection of Christ. It made sense, therefore, to alter the festival itself, to make it a Christian celebration as converts were slowly won over. The early name, Eastre, was eventually changed to its modern spelling, Easter.
就这样，复活节在同年出现了，而且被当作耶稣复活的基督教仪式。因此，这个节日就慢慢被改变，渐渐转变为基督教的一个节日。于是，人们渐渐皈依基督教。而复活节早期的名字Eastre，最后也被改成流传至今的拼法Easter。
The date of Easter 复活节的日期
Prior to A.D. 325, Easter was variously celebrated on different days of the week, including Friday, Saturday, and Sunday. In that year, the Council of Nicaea was convened by emperor Constantine. It issued the Easter Rule which states that Easter shall be celebrated on the first Sunday that occurs after the first full moon on or after the vernal equinox. However, a caveat must be introduced here. The "full moon" in the rule is the ecclesiastical full moon, which is defined as the fourteenth day of a tabular lunation, where day 1
corresponds to the ecclesiastical New Moon. It does not always occur on the same date as the astronomical full moon. The ecclesiastical "vernal equinox" is always on March 21. Therefore, Easter must be celebrated on a Sunday between the dates of March 22 and April 25.
在公元325年之前，复活节的庆祝时间可以是一周中不同的时间，而这些时间包括星期五、星期六和星期天。在那些年里，康斯坦丁大帝组建了尼西亚理事会。这个理事会制定了复活节的标准：复活节应该在第一个满月后或是春分后的第一个星期进行庆祝。在这里，我们要作一下解释。在规定中所指的“满月”是基督教的满月，而“满月”的时间定在阴历月份的第十四天，那么，这个月的1号就是基督教的“新月”。由于天文满月，复活节的日期不会是每年的同一天。另外，基督教的“春分”通常是3月21日。因此，复活节必须在3月22日-4月24日之间的其中一个星期天进行庆祝。
The Lenten season 四旬斋季节
Lent is the forty-six day period just prior to Easter Sunday. It begins on Ash Wednesday. Mardi Gras (French for "Fat Tuesday") is a celebration,
sometimes called "Carnival," practiced around the world, on the Tuesday prior to Ash Wednesday. It was designed as a way to "get it all out" before the sacrifices of Lent began. New Orleans is the focal point of Mardi Gras celebrations in the U.S. Read about the religious meanings of the Lenten Season.
四旬斋是早期复活节里面为期46天的时期。四旬斋开始于圣灰星期三。“狂欢节”也称为“嘉年华”。在早期，它横跨星期三和圣灰星期四，是一个全世界都进行的庆典。在四旬斋献祭开始前，狂欢节是一个使人身心舒畅的节日。其中，新奥尔良是美国狂欢节的焦点。因此，我们要好好理解四旬斋的宗教含义。
The Easter Bunny 复活兔
The Easter Bunny is not a modern invention. The symbol originated with the pagan festival of Eastre. The goddess, Eastre, was worshipped by the Anglo-Saxons through her earthly symbol, the rabbit.
复活兔并不是现代产物。复活兔起源于异教的复活节。当时，耶稣的世俗象征是一个兔子，并被盎格鲁撒克逊人供奉着。
The Germans brought the symbol of the Easter rabbit to America. It was widely ignored by other Christians until shortly after the Civil War. In fact, Easter itself was not widely celebrated in America until after that time.
而德国人将复活兔带到了美国。直至美国南北战争后，复活兔才被大多数基督教人士所重视。事实上，在这次内战结束后，复活节也未在美国被人们广泛地庆祝。
The Easter Egg 复活蛋
As with the Easter Bunny and the holiday itself, the Easter Egg predates the Christian holiday of Easter. The exchange of eggs in the springtime is a
custom that was centuries old when Easter was first celebrated by Christians.与复活兔和复活节一样，复活蛋预示着复活节即将到来。当基督教徒庆祝第一个复活节后，人们开始春天互相交换复活蛋，而这已成为了人们好几百年的习俗。From the earliest times, the egg was a symbol of rebirth in most cultures. Eggs were often wrapped in gold leaf or, if you were a peasant, colored brightly by boiling them with the leaves or petals of certain flowers.
在早期，复活蛋在许多文明中象征着“再生”。人们常常用金色的叶子包裹复活蛋，或是农民的做法：将复活蛋画得色彩斑斓，并把它和叶子或是真花瓣一起煮沸。
Today, children hunt colored eggs and place them in Easter baskets along with the modern version of real Easter eggs -- those made of plastic or chocolate candy.
在今天，孩子们到处搜刮复活蛋，并将这些蛋放到复活节篮子中。为什么呢？因为现代的复活蛋是用软糖或巧克力做的
复活节和圣诞节一样，是外来的节日。《圣经?新约全书》记载，耶稣被钉死在十字架上，第三天身体复活，复活节因此得名。 复活节
复活节是基督宗教最重大的节日，重要性超过圣诞节，宗教起源与节期在以色列。按《圣经?马太福音》的说法，耶稣基督在十字架上受刑死后三天复活，因而设立此节。历史学家根据《圣经》和先进以色列人逾越节的日期，推算出在春分日（3月21日）之后月满后的第一个星期天就是《圣经》中讲到耶稣复活的日子。由于每年的春分日都不固定，所以每年的复活节的具体日期也是不确定的。但节期大致在3月22日至4月25日之间。关于耶稣基督之死，按基督教教义，是为了赎世人的罪；耶稣基督的身体复活，是为了叫信徒得到永生。因此，在基督宗教中，复活节具有极度重要伟大的意义。英国大部分节日都起源于宗教。复活节发生在过了春分月圆后的第一个星期日，原是纪念西亚异教神明巴力的同父异母妹妹亚斯塔路降生的日子，亚斯塔路也是巴力的情妇。相传巴力得知妹妹
亚斯塔路生于一枚天鹅蛋中，就去灌木中寻找；找到了，就抱在怀里孵化出了一只兔子；兔子长大后成了一个美女，和巴力同居，后来在巴力危难之际还救过巴力一命。英语单词Easter的词源就是亚斯塔路。
Easter (ēostre (Old English); Greek: ∏?σχα Paskha, from Hebrew: ?????? Pesakh,/Passover) is the central religious feast in the Christian liturgical
year.[1] According to Christian scripture, Jesus was resurrected from the dead on the third day after his crucifixion. Some Christians celebrate this
resurrection on Easter Day or Easter Sunday[2] (also Resurrection Day or Resurrection Sunday), two days after Good Friday and three days after
Maundy Thursday. The chronology of his death and resurrection is variously interpreted to be between AD 26 and AD 36. Easter also refers to the season of the church year called Eastertide or the Easter Season. Traditionally the Easter Season lasted for the forty days from Easter Day until Ascension Day but now officially[citation needed] lasts for the fifty days until Pentecost. The first week of the Easter Season is known as Easter Week or the Octave of Easter. Easter also marks the end of Lent, a season of fasting, prayer, and penance.
Easter is a moveable feast, meaning it is not fixed in relation to the civil
calendar. The First Council of Nicaea (325) established the date of Easter as the first Sunday after the full moon (the Paschal Full Moon) following the northern hemisphere's vernal equinox.[3] Ecclesiastically, the equinox is reckoned to be on March 21 (regardless of the astronomically correct date), and the "Full Moon" is not necessarily the astronomically correct date. The date of Easter therefore varies between March 22 and April 25. Eastern Christianity bases its calculations on the Julian Calendar whose March 21 corresponds, during the twenty-first century, to April 3 in the Gregorian Calendar, in which calendar their celebration of Easter therefore varies between April 4 and May 8.
Easter is linked to the Jewish Passover by much of its symbolism, as well as by its position in the calendar. In most European languages the feast called Easter in English is termed by the words for passover in those languages and in the older English versions of the Bible the term Easter was the term used to translate passover.[4][5]
Relatively newer[citation needed] elements such as the Easter Bunny and Easter egg hunts have become part of the holiday's modern celebrations, and those aspects are often celebrated by many Christians and non-Christians alike. There are also some Christian denominations who do not celebrate Easter.
Popular modern depictions of Easter can be viewed as a celebration of spring.
篇二：复活节的由来
复活节的由来
复活节（GOOD FRIDAY耶稣受难日）的由来：
每年的3月22日至4月27日之间，春分以后的一个星期五（每年复活节的日期都不一样），在很多西方国家会过一个叫做“好的星期五”（Good Friday）的节日。这是一个对于西方国家来说非常重要的节假日：学校放假、银行关门、商场休息，就连股市也关闭了。这个星期五有什么特别呢？为什么叫“好的”星期五呢？
这是因为在两千年前的一个星期五，一个叫做耶稣的犹太人，被当时统治以色列的罗马政府处以极刑，钉在十字架上。后来耶稣的门徒（现称为基督徒）在每一年的这个星期五纪念他，渐渐地形成了这个叫做“好的星期五（Good Friday）”的节日。中文把这个节日叫做“耶稣受难日”，Good Firday又可以称为God Friday。
但是有一点奇怪的是，作为耶稣的门徒，应该在这个星期五感到难过、悲伤才是。为什么他们把这个悲伤的星期五认为是“好的”呢？
在大约两千年以前，一位名叫耶稣的婴孩降生在犹太的伯利恒，他的一生充满了传奇：圣经中几百个关于基督的预言在他身上应验；他一生医病赶鬼，行神迹无数。他虽然没有受过教育，但是他的教导充满了智慧，让人称奇。最让人迷
惑的是当他的门徒意识到他就是犹太人几千年来所盼望的基督的时候，他却毅然地走上了十字架。他的死给他的门徒以致命的打击，纷纷逃散，他的大门徒彼得更是3三次不认耶稣。
然而他的死并不是故事的终结，因为在3天后他奇迹般地复活了。耶稣复活后，他的门徒有了大的改观，纷纷勇敢热情地传扬耶稣的名。面对罗马政府无止境的压迫、鞭打甚至死亡的威胁，犹太人也不退缩。后来人们渐渐明白，耶稣的死是为了拯救全人类！
因为根据圣经的记载，在人类始祖亚当犯罪后，人类就被罪捆绑，死就是人类的唯一结局。但是神爱世人，为了拯救人类，成为了肉身，来到世上。耶稣在十字架的死，是偿还了所有人类的罪。正如圣经记载的：“他被挂在木头上，亲身担当了我们的罪。”如果你相信耶稣的死是为了你，也愿意接受耶稣作为你的救主，你的罪就被耶稣在十字架上担当，从而被神赦免了。
所以从这一点来看，耶稣的死是一件好事，因为他的死解决了人类罪的问题，使人类重新有了与神和好的机会。接受耶稣的人不但免去了末日的审判，还可以承受永远的生命，得以进入天堂。所以今天基督徒在向人们传讲耶稣的时候，通常叫做传福音，福音的意思就是好消息。这个特别的星期五也就被称为“好的星期五”。
篇三：复活节的来历
复活节的由来
History of Easter
耶稣基督
复活节的由来
复活节的英文单词是：Easter Day。复活节规定了这个节日必定是在星期日举行的。在西方社会，复活节是重大节日。复活节假期通常都是由星期五开始，直至星期一。为何只有星期日一天被称为“复活节”呢？
原来《圣经》上面记载着，耶稣基督被门徒出卖，继而被带上法庭，并在星期五被人钉死于十字架上。由于犹太人的法律，星期六是安息日，一切活动都要停止，基督的追随者只好在星期五日落前将基督的遗体草草安葬在一个墓穴内，就匆匆离开。
星期日早上，当人们再次去到基督的墓穴时，就发现不见了耶稣的尸首，同时知道耶稣基督已经复活了。自此，基督徒就将纪念基督复活的星期日称为“复活节”，这就是复活节的起源。而同时，复活节之前的星期五，就定为“受难节”，纪念耶稣基督的受难。
每一年复活节假期的日期都是不固定的，有时候，我们会早在三月底就过复活节，有时候又要等到四月下旬才是复活节。在由牛津大学出版社于1963年出版的《现代高级英汉双解辞典》典中，“Easter”（即复活节）一条清楚地写出了对复活节日期的有关规定：“复活节，在三月二十一日或该日后月圆以后第一个星期日。”也就是说，后人在决定每年的哪一天纪念耶稣复活时，是经由西历、阴历与星期计算合并出来的，这种计算造成了每年复活节的日期变化。
History of Easter
Easter is a festival of overwhelming joy. The joy
that celebrates life. Or, rather, the victory of life
over death. But does it have any historic
background? Did life really overcome death? Most
important, why Jesus is so remembered on Easter?
And why those funny stuffs like eggs, and bunnies
came to be mixed up with those ideas?Also who
brought all those customs on the soil of America?
Easter, the principal festival of the Christian church year, celebrates the Resurrection of Jesus Christ on the third day after his Crucifixion. The origins of Easter date to the beginnings of Christianity, and it is probably the oldest Christian observance after the Sabbath which was originally observed on Saturday, later on Sunday.
Meanwhile, many of the cultural historians find, in the celebration of Easter, a convergence of the three traditions - Pagan, Hebrew and Christian. According to St. Bede, an English historian of the early 8th century, Easter owes its origin to the old Teutonic mythology. It was derived from the name Eostre, the
Anglo-Saxon goddess of spring, to whom the month of April was dedicated. The festival of Eostre was celebrated at the vernal equinox, when the day and night gets an equal share of the day.
The English name "Easter" is much newer. When the early English Christians wanted others to accept Christianity, they decided to use the name Easter for this holiday so that it would match the name of the old spring celebration. This made it more comfortable for other people to accept Christianity.
But it is pointed out by some that the Easter festival, as celebrated today, is related with the Hebrew tradition, the Jewish Passover. This is being celebrated during Nisan, the first month of the Hebrew lunar year. The Jewish Passover under Moses commemorates Israel's deliverance from about 300 years of bondage in Egypt.
It was during this Passover in 30 AD Christ was crucified under the order of the Roman governor Pontius Pilate as then the Jewish high priests accused Jesus of "blasphemy". The resurrection came three days later, on the Easter Sunday. The early Christians, many of them being brought up in Jewish tradition regarded Easter as a new feature of the Pascha (Passover).
It was observed in memory of the advent of the Messiah, as foretold by the prophets. And it is equanimous with the proclamation of the resurrection. Thus the early Christian Passover turned out to be a unitive celebration in memory of
the passion-death-resurrection of Jesus. However, by the 4th century, Good Friday came to be observed as a separate occasion. And the Pascha Sunday had been devoted exclusively to the honor of the glorious resurrection.
Throughout the Christendom the Sunday of Pascha had become a holiday to honor Christ. At the same time many of the pagan spring rites came to be a part of its celebration. Maybe it was the increasing number of new converts who could not totally break free of the influence of pagan culture of their forefathers. But despite all the influence there was an important shift in the spirit. No more glorification of the physical return of the Sun God. Instead the emphasis was shifted to the Sun of Righteousness who had won banishing the horrors of death for ever.
The Feast of Easter was well established by the second century. But there had been dispute over the exact date of the Easter observance between the Eastern and Western Churches. The East wanted to have it on a weekday
because early Christians observed Passover every year on the 14th of Nisan, the month based on the lunar calendar. But, the West wanted that Easter should always be a Sunday regardless of the date.
To solve this problem the emperor Constantine called the Council of Nicaea in 325. The question of the date of Easter was one of its main concerns. The council decided that Easter should fall on Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox. But fixing up the date of the Equinox was still a problem. The Alexandrians, noted for their rich knowledge in astronomical
calculations were given the task. And March 21 was made out to be the perfect date for spring equinox.
The dating of Easter today follows the same. Accordingly, churches in the West observe it on the first day of the full moon that occurs on or following the Spring equinox on March 21, it became a movable feast between March 21 and April 25.
Still some churches in the East observe Easter according to the date of the Passover festival. The preparation takes off as early as on the Ash Wednesday from which the period of penitence in the Lent begins. The Lent and the Holy week end on the Easter Sunday, the day of resurrection.
Today, with all its joyous customs, Easter is indeed a major popular festival across the United States. A festival that has become more of secular in spirit, though it has religious background.
However, this was not the case all along the history of United States. Easter did not enjoy the status of a popular festival among the early settlers in America.
Because most of them were Puritans or members of Protestant Churches who had little use for the ceremonies of any religious festivals. Even the Puritans in Massachusetts tried their best to play down the celebration of Easter as far as possible. While various rites are said to be associated with the celebration of Easter, most of them have come as part of the ancient spring rites in the Northern hemisphere.
Not until the period of the Civil War did the message and meaning of Easter begin to be expressed as it had been in Europe. It was the initiative of the
Presbyterians. The scars of death and destruction which led people back to the Easter season. They found the story of resurrection as a great source of
inspiration and renewed hope.Since then, of course, its joyous customs delight children and adults alike.
《复活节的来历英文版》出自：百味书屋
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