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清明寒食是为了纪念谁

2016-12-29 06:36:26 来源网站:百味书屋

篇一:清明节知识题

1.清明节起始于我国的哪个朝代?周

2.清明节又名什么节?踏青节

3.与清明节合二为一的是什么节?寒食节

4.寒食节是为了纪念谁?介子推

5. 清明时节雨纷纷,路上行人欲断魂是谁的诗?杜牧

6.风筝、射柳、斗鸡、蚕花会。

7.斗鸡是清明节的习俗吗?是

8.清明节是哪天?公历四月五日前后。

9.清明节现在是否是法定节日?是。10.预示着什么呢?夏水较少。

11.清明是我国24

12.

13.25个。

14.

15.1批国家非物质文化遗产名录?2006年5月20日

16.

17.

18.世界遗产的标志象征着什么?文化遗产与自然遗产之间相互依存的关系。中央的正方形是人类创造的形状,圆圈代表大自然,两者密切相连。这个标志呈圆形,既象征全世界,也象征着要进行保护。

19.二十四节气是按农历还是公历划分的?农历

20.春:立春,雨:雨水,惊:惊蛰,春:春分,清:清明,谷:谷雨。

夏:立夏,满:小满,芒:芒种,夏:夏至,暑相连:小暑和大暑。

秋:立秋,处:处暑,露:白露,秋:秋分,寒:寒露,降:霜降。

冬:立冬,雪:小雪,雪:大雪,冬:冬至,小大寒:小寒和大寒。

21.白羊座对应春分到谷雨,金牛座对应谷雨到小满,双子座对应小满到夏至 巨蟹座对应夏至到大暑,狮子座对应大暑到处暑,处女座对应处暑到秋分 天秤座对应秋分到霜降,天蝎座对应霜降到小雪,射手座对应小雪到冬至 摩羯座对应冬至到大寒,水瓶座对应大寒到雨水,双鱼座对应雨水到春分 白羊03月21-04月19,金牛04月20-05月20,双子05月21-06月21 巨蟹06月21-07月22,狮子07月23-08月22,处女08月23-09月22 天秤09月23-10月22,天蝎10月23-11月21,射手11月22-12月21 摩羯12月22-01月19,水瓶01月20-02月18,双鱼02月月20 2013年二十四节气表

立春02月04日,雨水02月18日,惊蛰03月05清明04月04日,谷雨04月20日,立夏05月0505日 芒种06月05日,夏至06月21日,小暑0707立秋08月07日,处暑08月23日,白露09月23日 寒露10月08日,霜降10月03日,立冬1111月22日 大雪12月07日,冬至12月2201月01月20日

22.

23.73月初3,寒衣节夏历十月初一

24.

25

2627

28.a植树b荡秋千c踏青d登高

29. a植树b荡秋千c踏青d登高

30. a植树b荡秋千c踏青d射柳

31.打马球是清明节的活动吗?是

32.被韩国拿去申遗的中国的传统节日是什么节?端午节

33.假如自己过了20年的传统节突然成了他国的传统文化遗产,自己用了一年的电脑

篇二:清明知识竞赛题目

一、必答题:

一(1)班必答题:

1、清明节可不可以吃凉食

可以吃!

2、每逢寒食,在南方,人们吃什么?

青团

3、清明扫墓是秦朝以后的事情,对吗?

4、七月十五是叫做中元节吗?

是的

5、请背诵一首清明诗词。

一(2)班必答题:

1、中国传统的清明节大约始于哪个朝代?

周代

2、正月十五是叫做上元节吗?

是的

3、汉族和一些少数民族大多都是什么时间扫墓?

清明扫墓

4、关于寒食节的来源与介子推有关吗?

5、请背诵一首清明诗词。

二(1)班必答题:

1、有“清明燃灯”这一说法么?

(没有)是元宵燃灯

2、每逢寒食,在北方,人们吃什么?

枣饼,麦糕

3、寒食节是从哪位帝王开始的?

晋文公

4、清明节各地有不同的美食,我们贵州的美食是?

清明菜粑

5、请背诵一首清明诗词。

二(2)班必答题:

1、清明节有插柳的习俗,柳在人们心中有什么样的功用?

辟邪

2、清明有多少年的历史了?

2000多年

3、清明节是祭祀谁的?

介子推

4、清明节各地有不同的美食,四川省的清明美食是?

清明饼

5、请背诵一首清明诗词。

1、在家门口插柳有避免什么的意思?

虫疫

2、风筝在古代叫什么?

纸鸢

3、与清明合二为一的是什么节?

寒食节

4、在山东,清明节吃什么?

鸡蛋和冷饽饽

5、请背诵一首清明诗词。

三(2)班必答题:

1、下元节是几月几日?

十月十五日

2、清明节祭奠祖先的主要形式是?

烧包袱

3、清明节什么时候成为法定假日的?

2008年

4、大家最熟悉的清明时节雨纷纷,是谁写的?

唐代诗人杜牧写的

5、请背诵一首清明诗词。

四(1)班必答题:

1、今年清明节农历是几月几日?

二月17

2、清明节又叫做什么?

扫坟节、鬼节、冥节、踏青节

3、我说上句,请你接下句:耕夫招募爱楼船。

春草青青万项田

4、在二十四个节气中既是节气又是节日的是?

清明、冬至

5、请背诵一首清明诗词。

四(2)班必答题:

1、“日暮笙歌收拾去,万株杨柳属流莺”这句诗是谁写的?

吴惟信《苏堤清明即事》

2、宋代和明代的元宵节分别有几天?

宋代5天,明代10天

3、清明节最早的习俗是?

庆贺水患已除,天下太平

4、我说上句,请你接下句:试上吴门窥郡郭

清明几处有新烟

5、请背诵一首清明诗词。

1、中国古代将清明分为三侯是哪三侯?

一侯桐始华;二侯田鼠化为;三侯虹始见

2、我说上句,请你接下句:况是清明好天气

不妨游衍莫忘归

3、清明到了,天气会有什么变化?

气温升高,雨量增多

4、清明是我国24节气之一,他是第几个节气?

第五个。

5、请背诵一首清明诗词。

五(2)班必答题:

1、我国古代民间清明前后颇为盛行的体育活动有哪些?

踏青、扫墓、荡秋千、插柳、植树

2、请说出五个以上的清明节的食品。

青团、清明螺、糯米饭团、青饺、青果糕

3、我说上句,请你接下句:昨日邻家乞新火

晓窗分与读书灯

4、清明节有一些有关天气的谚语,例如清明南风是指夏水较多,那么请问,清明北风预示着什么呢?

夏水较少。

5、请背诵一首清明诗词。

六(1)班必答题:

1、清明节是在冬至后的第几天?

第108天。

2、国务院在哪年哪月批准清明节列入第1批国家非物质文化遗产名录?

2006年5月20日

3、世界遗产的标志象征着什么?

文化遗产与自然遗产之间相互依存的关系。中央的正方形是人类创造的形状,圆圈代表大自然,两者密切相连。这个标志呈圆形,既象征全世界,也象征着要进行保护。

4、请背诵二十四节气歌怎么背的?

春雨惊春清谷天,夏满芒夏暑相连。秋处露秋寒霜降,冬雪雪冬小大寒。

5、请背诵一首清明诗词。

1、清明上河图的作者是谁?

张择端

2、我国有多少个民族有过清明节的习俗?

25个。

3、三大鬼节是?

1、清明节,冬至后108天,

2、中元节夏历7月十五,

3、寒衣节夏历十月初一。

4、清明节为什么植树?

清明节有“清明前后,种瓜点豆”之说。因为清明节除了祭祖扫墓,插柳、植树等也是清明节的重要内容。

5、请背诵一首清明诗词。

二、抢答题:

在必答题环节,很多班级都获得了不错的积分,下面进行的是抢答题环节,请每班选出的抢答能手上台。

下面宣布比赛规则:

抢答能手们在我宣布开始之后,举手站起来,并大声说出中队名称,请看我做一次示范。

哪位同学最先举手站起来,并大声说出中队名称,就由他代表的中队回答问题,答对加一分,答错不扣分。同学们听明白了吗?

好了,那么,我们先从五六年级组开始。

XX班的同学抢到了第一题的回答权,请XX班的同学们仔细听题。 五六年级组

1、请说出清明插柳的三种来历。

关于清明插柳的来历,据传有三种说法。一是说为了纪念“教民稼穑”的农事祖师神农氏。柳条插进泥土即活,有强大的生命力,插到哪里,哪里成荫。二是说插柳避邪。北魏贾思勰《齐民要术》中记载:“取杨柳枝著户上,百鬼不入家。”人们认为柳枝有灵性,有“鬼怖木”之称,在柳条发芽的清明时节插柳可以避邪驱鬼。清明插柳还有一说,是表示对介子推的怀念的。晋文公再次来到绵山祭奠介子推时,发现那棵老柳树死而复活,感到十分惊奇。他随手折了条柳枝,编成圈戴在头上,由此众大臣和民众纷纷效仿,衍生出寒食节折柳和门前插柳的习俗。随着寒食与清明合二为一,便成了清明节的习俗。后来的清明节植树也源于此。

2、简述清明节来历。

相传春秋时期,晋公子重耳为逃避迫害而流亡国外,流亡途中,在一处渺无人烟的地方,又累又饿,再也无力站起来。随臣找了半天也找不到一点吃的,正在大家万分焦急的时候,随臣介子推走到僻静处,从自己的大腿上割下了一块肉,煮了一碗肉汤让公子喝了,重耳渐渐恢复了精神,当重耳发现肉是介子推自己腿割下的时候,流下了眼泪。

十九年后,重耳作了国君,也就是历史上的晋文公。即位后文公重重赏了当初伴随他流亡的功臣,唯独忘了介子推。很多人为介子推鸣不平,劝他面君讨赏,然而介子推最鄙视那些争功讨赏的人。他打好行装,同悄悄的到绵山隐居去了。

晋文公听说后,羞愧莫及,亲自带人去请介子推 ,然而介子推已离家去了绵山。绵山山高路险,树木茂密,找寻两个人谈何容易,有人献计,从三面火烧绵山,逼出介子推。 大火烧遍绵山,却没见介子推的身影,火熄后,人们才发现背着老母亲的介子推已坐在一棵老柳树下死了。晋文公见状,恸哭。装殓时,从树洞里发现一血书,上写道:“割肉奉君尽丹心,但愿主公常清明。”为纪念介子推,晋文公下令将这一天定为寒食节。

第二年晋文公率众臣登山祭奠,发现老柳树死而复活。便赐老柳树为”清明柳“,并晓谕天下,把寒食节的后一天定为清明节。

3、请详述清明节的传统习俗。

清明节的习俗除了讲究禁火、扫墓,还有踏青、荡秋千、蹴鞠、打马球、荡秋千、插柳等一系列风俗体育活动。相传这是因为寒食节要寒食禁火,为了防止寒食冷餐伤身,所以大家来参加一些体育活动,来锻炼身体。清明节,民间忌使针,忌洗衣,大部分地区妇女忌行路。傍晚以前,要在大门前洒一条灰线,据说可以阻止鬼魂进宅。 因此,这个节日中既有祭扫新坟生离死别的悲酸泪,又有踏青游玩的欢笑声,是一个富有特色的节日。

4、请说出5条清明谚语。

清明南风,夏水多;清明北风,夏水少

清明一吹西北风,当年天旱黄风多

清明北风十天寒,春霜结束在眼前

清明无雨旱黄梅,清明有雨水黄梅

麦怕清明霜,谷要秋来旱

5、简述清明植树的来历于发展。

清明前后,春阳照临,春雨飞洒,种植树苗成活率高,成长快。因此,自古以来,中国就有清明植树的习惯。有人还把清明节叫作“植树节”。植树风俗一直流传至今。

清明节植树的习俗,发端于清明戴柳插柳的风俗。关于清明戴柳插柳,有三种传说。最古老的传说,是说为了纪念教民稼穑耕作的祖师—神农氏,后来由此发展出祈求长寿的意蕴。再晚点的传说与介子推有关。据说晋文公率众臣登山祭奠介子推时,发现介子推死前曾经靠过的老柳树死而复活,便赐老柳树为“清明柳”。更晚点的传说是唐太宗给大臣柳圈,以示赐福驱疫。

三四年级组

1、你知道24节气分别是哪些吗?

立春、雨水、惊蛰、春分、清明、谷雨、立夏、小满、芒种、夏至、小暑、大暑、立秋、处暑、白露、秋分、寒露、霜降、立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒。

篇三:四六级翻译练习

一、 历史文化

四大文明古国:中国位于亚洲东部,是世界上人口最多的国家。中国是世界四大文明古国之一,拥有大量的中华文化光辉的古迹,此外,中国地大物博,拥有茂密的森林、雄伟壮丽的瀑布、秀丽的湖泊以及如利剑直插云霄的山峰,所有这些都令世界各国人民神往。但是,更重要的是,中国以拥有五千多年的历史而自豪,遗留下无数的历史文物,其中包括珍贵珠宝、古迹名胜、宫殿及数不尽的雄伟建筑,令人惊叹不已。这种种原因都促使中国成为许多人梦寐以求的旅游胜地。

China lies in the east of Asia and it has the largest population in the world. China is also one of the four countries in the world that have an ancient civilization, Besides, it has a vast territory with such abundant natural resources as dense forests, magnificent waterfalls, majestic and beautiful rivers and lakes, and mountains whose peaks reach high into the sky like swords. All these make China a singularly attractive place to tourists around the world. But, most importantly, China boasts a history of over five thousand years with innumerable historical relics left over from the long past, such as priceless pearls and jewels, historic sites and scenic spots, palaces and edifices of architectural richness, all of which have won people’s admiration. You are sure to find great enjoyment from all these attractions in China, a much-admired dream land.

中华传统文化:中华民族的传统文化博大精深,源远流长。早在2000多年前,就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说,以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说流派,这就是有名的“诸子百家”。从孔夫子到孙中山,中华民族传统文化有它的许多珍贵品质,许多人民性和民主性的好东西。比如,强调仁爱,强调群体,强调和而不同,强调天下为公。特别是“天下兴亡,匹夫有责”的爱国情找,“民为邦本”,“民贵君轻”的民本思想,“己所不欲勿施于人”的待人之道,吃苦耐劳,勤俭持家,尊师重教的传统美德,世代相传。所有这些,对家庭,国家和社会起到了巨大的维系与调节作用。

The traditional Chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back and runs a long, long course. More than 2,000 years ago, there emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius, Taoism represented by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, all being covered by the famous term” the masters’ hundred schools.” The traditional Chinese culture presents many precious ideas and qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic. For example, they lay stress on the importance of kindness and love in human relations, on the interest of the community, on seeking harmony without uniformity and on the idea that the world is for all. Especially, patriotism as embodied in the saying ”Everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country”; the populist ideas that “people are the foundation of the country” and that “people are the more important than the monarch”; the code of conduct of “Treat others as you want to be treated”.And the traditional virtues taught from generation to generation:endurance and hard working diligence and frugality in household management,and respecting teachers and valuing education.All of which have played a great role in binding and regulating the family,the country and the society.

汉语:从某种意义上说,汉语是一种很古老的语言,其最早的汉字已有近四千年的历史了。汉字在其漫长的发展史中演化成许多不同的书写形式,例如篆书、隶书、楷书和行书。中国书法家往往使汉字的字形夸张以取得艺术效果,例如旅游胜地的一些石刻碑文。中国书法是一门研究艺术,随着各位学习兴趣的提高,我们将适时介绍中国书法的流派,以及如何欣赏中国书法

的艺术性。

In a sense, Chinese is a very old language, and its earliest characters date back nearly four thousand years ago. During their long history of development, Chinese characters have evolved into many different script forms, such as the Seal script, Clerical script, Regular script and Running script. Chinese calligraphers usually render their Chinese characters in ways that exaggerate the form to yield artistic beauty, such as those in stone inscriptions seen in tourist resorts. Chinese calligraphy is a subject of artistic study. As your interest in Chinese character system increases in the days to come, we will introduce in due time the different schools of Chinese calligraphy, and how to appreciate the artistic beauty of Chinese calligraphy.

孔子:孔子(ConfUcius)是一位思想家、政治家,教育家,也是中国儒 学(the Ru School)思想的创始人。儒学(Confucianism),这个道德和 宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教学上。冯友兰, 中国思想史上20世纪伟大的的权威之一,把孔子在中国历史上的影 响比作西方的苏格拉底。

Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought. Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung. Fung You-lan, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history ofChinese thought, compares Confucius9 influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.

红楼梦:《红楼梦》问世二百年以来,通过汉文原文和各种译文读过此书的人,不知有多少亿!这么多的读者哪一个是先看批评家的文章,然而再让批评家牵着鼻子走,按图索骥地去读原作呢?我看是绝无仅有的。一切文学作品,特别是象《红楼梦》这样伟大的作品,内容异常地丰富,涉及到的社会层面异常地多,简直象是一个宝山,一座迷宫。而读者群就更加复杂,他们来读《红楼梦》,会各就自己的特点,欣赏该书中的某一个方面,受到鼓舞,受到启发,引起了喜爱;也可能受到打击,引起了憎恶。总之是千差万别。

Ever since the publication of A Dream of Red Mansions some 200 years ago, hundreds of millions of people have read its Chinese original or its translations in various languages. Of these innumerable people, how many have read the novel by starting with a perusal of the critics' articles and allowing themselves to be led by the nose by the critics as to how to read the novel? Next to none. All literary works, especially a monumental one like A Dream of Red Mansions, are extremely rich in content and involve diverse social strata-to such an extent that they virtually resemble a mountain of treasure or a labyrinth. And the readers are even more complicated, differing from each other in family background. They will each appreciate a certain aspect of the novel according to their own individuality. They may feel inspired and enlightened, and hence love it, or they may feel hurt, and hence loathe it. In short, the reactions vary.

二、 传统节日

春节:春节庆祝活动是一年中最重要的庆祝活动。中国人庆祝春节的方式可能略微不同,但其愿望几乎是相同的,他们希望其家人和朋友来年健康和幸运。春节庆祝活动通常持续15天。庆祝活动包括春节的年夜饭,放鞭炮,给儿童压岁钱,春节钟声和春节问候。大多数中国人将在春节的第7天停止庆祝活动,因为全国性节假通常在这一天结束,但在公共场所的庆祝活动可能最终持续到正月十五。

Chinese New Year Celebration is the most important celebration of the year. Chinese people may celebrate the Chinese New Year in slightly different ways but their wishes are almost the same; they want their family members and friends to be healthy and lucky during next year.Chinese New Year Celebration usually lasts for 15 days. Celebratory activities include Chinese New Feast, firecrackers, giving lucky money to children, the New Year bell ringing and Chinese New Year Greetings. Most of Chinese people will stop the celebrating in their home on the 7th day of New Year because the national holiday usually ends around that day, however celebrations in public areas can last until the 15th day of New Year.

清明节:清明节的习俗是丰富有趣的,除了讲究禁火、扫墓,还有踏青、荡秋千、蹴鞠、打马球、插柳等一系列风俗体育活动。相传这是因为清明节要寒食禁火,为了防止寒食冷藏伤身,所以大家来参加一些体育活动,以锻炼身体。因此,这个节日既有祭扫新坟生别死离得悲酸泪,又有踏青游玩的欢笑声,是一个富有特色的节日。

Ching Ming Festival (the Tomb-sweeping Festival), the custom is full of interesting. In addition to pay attention to ban fire, tomb-sweeping, as well as spring outing, swinging, Cuju, playing polo, Liu inserted a series of custom sports. According to legend, this is because the Ching Ming Festival to Cold Food Observance ban fire, in order to prevent the Cold Food Observance buffet beverages, so we come to participate in some sports, in order to exercise. Therefore, this festival which has both the acid tears of sorrow for the died and the laughter from the players, is a distinctive holiday.

元宵节:与大多数中国节日一样,元宵节同样有自己的特色小吃,成为“汤圆”(也叫“元宵”)。汤圆外形圆圆的,外皮由糯米制成,内陷或甜或辣。人们都说汤圆有两个象征之意,一为农历的第一个月圆,二为家庭团聚圆满。元宵节传统习俗中还有一部分是关于猜灯谜的游戏。在过去,这些谜语大多出自于模糊的文学典故和中国古典文学之中,所以猜灯谜以前多为知识份子的“领地”。踩高跷,敲大鼓和舞龙狮也是元宵节主要的娱乐活动。

Like most Chinese festivals, the Lantern Festival has its own special food, called “tang yuan”. These are round, glutinous rice dumplings with sweet or spicy fillings. The dumplings are said to symbolize both the first full moon and family utility and completeness. Part of the lantern festival tradition involves a game to guess riddles attached to the lanterns. In the old days the riddles were obscure literary allusions to the Chinese classics and so were mainly the preserve of the educated classes. Stilt-walking, drumming and dragon and lion dancing are the main entertainment forms of the Lantern Festival.

端午节:端午节,又叫龙舟节,是为了纪念爱国人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣(minister),他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤(vilify)而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方,抛下粽子,希望鱼儿吃粽子,不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来,端午节的特色在于吃粽子(glutinous dumplings)和赛龙舟,尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。 The Duan Wu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified.People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water,hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan’s body. For thousands

of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.

:农历八月十五日是中国的传统节日——中秋节。在这天,每个家庭都团聚在一起,一家人共同观赏象征丰裕、和谐和好运的圆月。此时,大人们尽情吃着美味的月饼,品着热腾腾的香茗,而孩子们则在一旁拉着明亮的兔子灯尽情玩耍。月宫里美丽的仙女嫦娥的神话故事赋予了这个节日神话色彩。传说古时候,天空曾有10个太阳围着地球旋转。后翌射下了其中9个太阳,拯救了地球上的生灵。他偷了长生不老药,却被妻子嫦娥偷偷喝下,从而产生了嫦娥奔月的故事。 he Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar month. It is a time for family members to congregate and enjoy the full moon, which is a symbol of abundance, harmony and luck. Adults usually indulge in fragrant mooncakes of various kinds with a good cup of hot Chinese tea, while the children run around with their brightly-lit rabbit lanterns. The festival was endowed a mythological flavour with legends of Chang-E, the beautiful lady in the moon. According to Chinese mythology, the earth once had 10 suns circling over it. Hou Yi, shot down 9 of the suns to save all the lives on carth. He stole the elixir of life, which can make people immortal. However, his wife, Chang-E drank it. Thus the legend of Chang-E flying into the moon came into being.

三、 传统事物

筷子:中国人使用筷子已经有3 000多年的历史了。中国的筷子夹菜的一端是圆的,象征着天;另一端是方的,象征着地。这是因为,维持充足的食物供应是天地之间最重要的事情。中国有个古老的风俗,女子出嫁时要用筷子当嫁妆,因为“筷子”与“快子”谐音。根据中国的餐桌礼仪,吃饭时一直握着筷子是不礼貌的。将菜送入口中后,应立刻把筷子放下。吃饭时,用筷子指着别人会对其造成冒犯。

There has been a history of more than 3 000 years for the Chinese to have meals with chopsticks. Chinese chopsticks are round on the eating end which symbolizes the heaven, and the other end is square which symbolizes the earth. It is because maintaining an adequate food supply is the greatest concern between the heaven and the earth. There is an old custom in the past in China, that chopsticks should be a part of a girl’s dowry. Kuaizi (chopsticks) is pronounced the same as “kuai zi”.The latter symbolized “quick” and “son”. According to the Chinese traditional table manners, it is impolite to hold the chopsticks all the time over the meal. As soon as one person sends a bite into his mouth, he should put down the chopsticks. It would offend others to point at them with chopsticks over the meal.

文房四宝:在中国,笔、墨、纸、砚(ink slab),就是人们所说的“文房四宝”,在中华文明的传承中起了重要作用。文房四宝不仅有实用价值,它们本身也是供人观赏的艺术品,并逐步成为收藏品。文房四宝品类繁多,丰富多彩,选材制作不断趋于完善、精美,历代都有名品、名匠产生,成为一种深厚的文化积淀。在当今时代,使用笔、墨、纸、砚进行学习、写作的人越来越少了,但是,在中国的书法、绘画、收藏以及修身养性活动中,它们仍起着不可替代的作用。

In China, “four treasures of the study” refers to “writing brush”, “ink stick”, “paper” and “ink slab”, playing an important role in passing on Chinese civilization. They not only have their value of practical use, but also become the works of art for

appreciation and collection. There is a large variety of these four treasures. Selecting of materials and making process have become increasingly delicate and perfect. Each dynasty of Chinese history saw famous craftsmen appear and works produced, which is a profound process of cultural accumulation.In contemporary times, “four treasures of the study” have been increasingly rarely used for study or writhing, but they are still playing an irreplaceable role in the field of Chinese calligraphy, painting, collection and in the activities of cultivating one's mind.

中国结:中国结(The Chinese Knot)是一种古老的艺术形式。人们发现,绳结可以追朔到10万年前。中国人不仅用绳结来固定、包裹、狩猎、捕鱼,还用来记录事件,而且有些绳结纯粹起装饰作用。中国结具有文化内涵(cultural connotation)。由于结在汉语中的发音与“吉”相近。吉的意思是“福、禄、寿、喜、财、安、康”,这是中国人永恒的追求,因此有些中国结表达出人们的各种愿望。例如:新婚夫妇的房间通常用一个盘长结(Pan-chang Knot)来装饰,象征着永恒的爱情。

The Chinese Knot is an ancient art form and artifacts could be found as far back as 100 000 years ago.Chinese people used knots for more than just fastening,wraping,hunting,fishing.Knots were also to record events,and some knots had purely ornamentak functions.The Chinese Knot has cultural connotations.Since knot is pronouced as"jie" in Chinese similar with that of "ji",which means blessing,good salary,longevity,happpiness,fortune,safety and health and is the everlasting pursuit of Chinese people,some Chinese Knots espress people's various hopes.For example,the room of newlyweds is usually decorated with a Pan-Chang Knot to symbolize eternal love.

八大菜系:中国一个幅员辽阔、资源丰富、历史悠久的多民族国家,每个 民族都有其独特的丰富菜肴。地域菜系在地理环境、气候、文化传 统、民族风俗和其他因素的影响下经过悠久历史的发展已经成形。 最有影响力、最具代表性的是鲁、川、粵、闽、苏、浙、湘、徽菜系, 这八种被人们称为“八大菜系”。中国的“八大菜系”是以多种多样 的烹饪方法区分的,各有其长处。

China is a time-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources, and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes. Regional cuisines have taken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographical environment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors. The most influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan,Yue, Min, Su,Zhe, Xiang and Hui Cuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”. Dishes in the “Eight Major Cuisines” in China are characterized by diversified cooking skills, with each having its strong points.

四、 传统艺术

京剧:京剧被奉为中国的国粹,来源于18世纪晚期的安徽和湖北的当地剧种。京剧是中国所有剧种中最有影响力和代表性的,在中国乃至世界享有声誉。京剧完美融 合了多种艺术形式。京剧集传统音乐、舞蹈、诗歌、杂耍、武术于一身,以华丽的戏服、逼真的脸谱和程式化的演出套路而闻名。京剧脸谱上每一种图形和亮丽的颜 色都有象征意义:红色表示忠诚,蓝色表示残暴,黑色表示正直。

Known as China’s national opera, Peking Opera originated in the late 18th century from the basis of some local operas in Anhui and Hubei Provinces. Peking Opera is the most influential and representative of all operas in China. It has won great popularity not


清明寒食是为了纪念谁》出自:百味书屋
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