高中英语如何写好记叙文
如何写好记叙文
【文体特点】
记叙文是以叙述为主要表达方式，以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体。侧重记人的记叙文，以介绍人物生平事迹为重点;侧重叙事的记叙文，以叙述事情的发生、发展、经过和结果为重点。但是记人和叙事是分不开的，记人需要用具体事件来表现人物，而叙事的灵魂是事件中人物的所作所为。
记叙文的六要素包括时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过和结果。
【写作指导】
写记叙文时，首先应审清写作中涉及的时间、地点、人物、事件。其次结合题目要求(包括注意事项和参考词汇等)，弄清写作要点。然后用英语罗列出相关信息，包括可能适当增加的情节，并思考运用恰当的连接词。
记叙文的开头通常交代事件的背景，文章主体可按事件发生的顺序记叙，也可按人物活动的时间顺序或按空间位置变换记叙。
写作时应注意以下关键内容：
1. 明确写作要点。只有明确了写作要点，才能合理安排文章内容，分清主次。
2. 认真挑选细节。记叙文是由细节组成的，读者只有通过足够的细节才能知道发生了什么事情，但细节过多会使读者失去阅读的兴趣。只有选用能表现主要要点的细节，才能产生预期的效果。
3. 注意人称的使用。叙述的人称(可以是第一人称也可以是第三人称)通常是一贯到底的。若需要交替使用两种人称，要通过适当的过渡提醒读者。
4. 恰当使用时态。一般来说，在叙述故事、游记时可用一般过去时和过去完成时;在介绍人物时，要视具体情况而定。确定一个主要时态之后，后面的部分在展开时就不至于发生时态混乱。这是确保记叙文语言流畅的一个基本条件。
【真题再现】
Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below.
请以老师当众表扬你为话题，用下面所给句子开头，续写一篇英语短文。
As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.
注意：1. 将所给句子写在答题卡上;2. 续写词数不少于120个;3. 不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。
(2015年湖南卷书面表达)
【审题定调】
该题要求考生以“作为一名学生，我会告诉你没有什么比在同学面前得到老师的表扬更好了”为开头续写一篇短文。此类文章最适合写成夹叙夹议的记叙文，描述“我”得到老师表扬的经过和感受。人称以第一人称和第三人称为主，时态主要用一般过去时。“得到老师的表扬”部分需交待时间、地点、人物以及被老师表扬的原因、经过和结果。
另外，本题也可以写成议论文，论述老师表扬学生的重要性。由于版面所限，下文只分析写成记叙文的情况。
【参考范文】
As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.
The other day, I was praised by my head teacher at the class meeting because I recited all the words of Unit 3. He said before the whole class that only if we put our heart into our lessons could we make great progress. He also said I set a good example to all of my classmates and that I memorized all the words of Unit 3 even though I was not good at English. Then he added that everyone should learn from me. Hearing what the head teacher said, I was more than glad and my heart beat wildly. At the same time, I made up my mind to study harder rather than waste precious time on useless things, such as playing video games and chatting online.
From my own experience, I have learned that several words of praise can make a great difference to someone.
【范文点评】
本文完全完成了试题规定的任务，叙述了一次被老师表扬的经历和自己的感受，与试题所给开头衔接流畅。文章应用了较多的语法结构(如宾语从句、比较等级、状语从句、“only+状语”位于句首时引起倒装、非谓语动词短语Hearing ...作状语)和高级词汇(如set a good example, make up my mind, precious, make a great difference)，并且有效地使用了语句间的连接成分(如also, then, at the same time)。
【学生习作】(注：后续习作均省略了题中给出的首句)
Last term, after the exam result was announced, what surprised me a lot was that I gained praise from my head teacher in consequence of my progress. Never before had I experienced such a great honour. What's more, she told me good grades required one hundred percent commitment and hoped I could become excellent.
On no account can we ignore the power of encouragement. It is my teacher's encouraging words that have aroused my enthusiasm about studying and built up my confidence. Where there is a will, there is a way. From that moment on, I have been sparing no effort to improve myself, which has resulted in me getting along really well with my studies. Only in this way can I express my sincere gratitude to her.
【点评】本文完全完成了试题规定的任务。作者应用了较多的语法结构(如状语从句、主语从句、表语从句、定语从句、倒装句和强调句)和高级词汇(如announce, gain, in consequence of, commitment, on no account, arouse, spare no effort, gratitude),可以看出作者有很强的英语功底。但是，这篇习作还有如下可以提高之处：1. 有些地方由于刻意使用复杂的语法结构而导致行文不流畅，如首句中因用了三个从句而显得过于繁琐;2. 文章的部分内容之间缺少连接成分，如首段前两句之间、第二段开头与上文之间缺少过渡语，谚语Where there is a will, there is a way和上下文的联系不是很紧密。
【改后稿】
Last term, after the exam result was announced, I gained praise from my head teacher in consequence of my progress. I was very surprised because I had never experienced such a great honour before. What's more, she told me good grades required one hundred percent commitment and hoped I could become excellent.
For the first time in my life, I felt the power of encouragement. It is my teacher's encouraging words that have aroused my enthusiasm about studying and built up my confidence. From that moment on, I have been sparing no effort to improve myself, which has resulted in me getting along really well with my studies. I believe only in this way can I express my sincere gratitude to her.
【实战演练】
下面是另一位同学的习作，请根据点评中指出的问题对它进行修改。
I still remember a maths lesson where my maths teacher copied a challenging problem on the blackboard and asked the whole class whether there would be one student who knew how to work it out. Several minutes passed but the whole class remained completely silence. However, I had come across the problem in a reference book the other day, so I gathered my courage, walked to the blackboard and worked it out in no time. A surprised expression appeared on my maths teacher's face. He praised me in public, saying that I was an intelligent student. At that moment, I became the focus of the whole class and was filled with great pride and confidence.
Since then, maths became one of my favorite subjects, and I have made rapid progress in maths. I appreciate my maths teacher's praise and encouragement very much.
【点评】本文完全完成了试题规定的任务，属于一篇高分作文。最明显的问题有两个，一是首句过于繁琐，可以通过简化部分句式来修改;二是有些许语法错误，如completely silence, since then后的句子用了一般过去时。
参考答案：
I still remember a maths lesson where my maths teacher copied a challenging problem on the blackboard and asked us who knew how to work it out. Several minutes passed but the whole class remained completely silent. However, I had come across the problem in a reference book the other day, so I gathered my courage, walked to the blackboard and worked it out in no time. A surprised expression appeared on my maths teacher's face. He praised me in public, saying that I was an intelligent student. At that moment, I became the focus of the whole class and was filled with great pride and confidence.
Since then, maths has become one of my favorite subjects, and I have made rapid progress in maths. I appreciate my maths teacher's praise and encouragement very much.
《高中英语如何写好记叙文》出自：百味书屋
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