篇一：范文
周报高中大作文范文
NO.27
This passage tells us about the history of school uniforms in the United States. But in recent years, some parents and educators thinks that it is not necessary for students to wear uniforms.
In many counties students have to wear school uniforms at school. Wearing school uniforms makes it easier for the school authorities （n. 当局，官方）to recognize the students belonging to their school. It also saves the school from having to police what the students wear. Also, when students don’t have to spend time wondering what to wear and how to make themselves look fashionable, they can devote more time ti studies. What’s more, this naturally reduces incidents of violence.
In my opinion, students should wear school uniforms at school. If we all wear school uniforms, we’ll live in a harmonious and equal environment which will encourage us to learn and get along well with each other.
NO.28
This passage tells us that stress can cause serious harm to our bodies, so we should try to release stress through some fun activities, such as exercise and socializing（n. 交往，交际）.
At school, separation from parents may become a main cause o
f teenage stress. Family matters such as divorce, frequent fights between parents have been known to result in teenage stress. Sometimes, changing location, the passing away of a dear person, taking too many activities at school, or peer(n.贵族；同等的人) pressure may also result in teenage stress.
Too much stress may result in different kinds of physical and emotional problems. Some teenagers will lose interest in their usual play or studies. Such teenagers will seem not to have any kind of fun in their lives.
For my part, reading is a great way to release stress. Reading can take my mind off anything that may be bothering me.
NO.29
This passage mainly tells us some facts and figures about child labor. From these, we learn that child labor is still seen in many places.
The major reasons for the existence of child labor are poverty (n.贫穷) and overpopulation. Lack of education among the poorer sections of society is also a leading cause of child labor. Being poor, parents cannot afford good education for their children; nor do they understand the importance of education in children’s lives.
Child laborers often face serious health problems because of
working for a long time in terrible conditions. Their mental（adj. 精神的） health is also greatly affected.
In my opinion, to put an end to this socio-economic（adj. 社会经济的）problem, the government must find the root causes of child labor and take measures to control the growth of population. Steps must be taken to educate people from poorer areas on the benefits of education.
NO.30
According to a survey, people are generally more rude today compared to 20-30 years ago. To solve this problem, parents should teach their children good manners and set good examples for them.
Good manners are very important in the communication of daily life. Everyone likes a person with good manners. If you are to be respectful of others, then you are more likely to be treated with respect by them. If you show good manners everywhere you go, then you are more likely to encourage others to behave in the same way towards you.
But what are good manners? Well, here are some common examples. A person with good manners never laughs at a person in trouble. Instead, he always tries to offer help to the person. When he takes a bus and sees an old man or a sick man, he always gives his
seat to him. Also, he does not spit (vi.吐痰) in public places.
NO.31
This passage mainly tells us that working in teams can be rewarding, but at times it can be difficult and frustrating. It also provides us with some useful tips on teamwork.
With the rapid development of society, team work is becoming more and more significant（adj. 重大的；有效的；有意义的） in our life. That is to say, teamwork is necessary for a person to achieve success in his/her life. Team sprit has an important effect on us no matter what fields we are in. On the one hand, teamwork can save time and produce more products within limited time. On the other hand, teamwork is vital（adj. 至关重要的） for a person to survive in the world.
When studying, we often face a lot of difficulties. Some of our classmates make up a study group and we help each other. Because of the cooperation, each of us has made great progress.
NO.32
This passage mainly tells us what distance learning is and what classroom learning is. Classroom learning is a traditional way we are familiar with, but now distance learning is very popular.
Let’s have a brief look at the advantages of distance learning.
First, when you are studying in a distance learning program, you can study at your own pace. Second, you can choose your study hours. Third, distance learning saves you a lot of time. Also, you can choose a study environment you are almost comfortable with.
The most significant disadvantage of distance learning is that there is no teacher. With no teacher around, you have to learn completely on your own. Also, you may miss communicating with teachers and classmates.
As for me, I like classroom learning more. A teacher can guide me well. Also, a classroom provides the perfect setting for group study.
NO.33
Taking part-time jobs is very popular among American teenagers. The passage tells us the popular jobs for teenagers and the preparations that they should make before getting a part-time job.
There are some good effects if teenagers do part-time jobs. The biggest effect is that they can get some experience that they cannot get in school. Also, by working part-time, they can help their parents case their financial burdens. It also gives them a chance to see what it is like to earn and spend money of their own. At the same time, they can learn to be independent. This will help them when they grow up
篇二：memo范文
Memo范文
1. 说明性memo
Memorandum
To:All employees of Carson Bank
From: Robert Dickinson, President RD
Date: June 20, 2003
Subject: Instructions for New Safes
Ten new safes have been installed in the offices to replace the old ones. To avoid any trouble, please follow the booklet of directions.Please contact me if you have any questions.
2.要求性memo
INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM
To:Winfred Johnson
From: Joyce Medo
Date July 7, 2008
Subject: Special Requests for Video Classics
Several community colleges and high schools in the area have asked us about stocking videotapes in the following areas: Shakespearean plays, American literature, first aid, and reading tutorials for children. Noothervideocompany is carrying arental inventory of educational materials.
Please check the availability and the cost of tapes in these areas
and provide me with a list by July 15.
3.宣布性memo
MEMORANDUM
To: Wilma Evans, School of Agriculture
From: Robert Smith, Physical Plant Operations
Date: May 16, 2009
Subject: Air-conditioning Installation for East Hall
The costs of installing air conditioning for the seven offices and two studio classrooms in East Hall have been carefully studied.
Estimates were obtained from three contractors on the costs of covering the offices and classrooms. All three were in the $25,000 range.
You can begin the work at any time. It will take about three weeks.
4. Authorization memo
MEMORANDUM
To:Robert Shaw, Internal Auditing
From: Paul R. Vice President
Date: 14 March, 2008
Subject: Add New Machines and Operators
Your observations identified inadequacies in our current
operations. Your suggestions indicated that new machines and operators should be added to avoid overtime costs.
Please order two keyboard machines and three operators as soon as possible.
5. Transmittal memo
MEMORANDUM
To: Mr. Black
From:Mike Printy, Sales Manager
Date: 18 March, 2008
Subject: Statistics on Total Sales in March
The statistics on total sales in March that you ask for are attached.
These figures are for the last month. If you want to know the sales details of each department, you can contact me directly.
Please give me a copy of the report you prepare from these statistics.
注意：
4. Rules for Writing Memoranda
Writing memoranda is different from writing letters, for they have different purposes. Therefore writing memoranda has its special requirements and rules.
1) No normal greetings
2) Clear subject headings
3) Direct indication of the situation discussed
4) One point, one paragraph
5) Numbering each paragraph clearly
6) Be as objective as possible
7) Request for immediate feedback
8) Brief signature
篇三：论证有效性分析的写作手法及精选范文
05论证有效性分析的写作手法及精选范文（一）
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一、构思
（一）思考的基本方法
写作时可参考以下三种基本方法：
1．辩证思维
人们在思维时出现偏差，往往是由于思考过于片面，缺少辩证分析。辩证思维以全面、发展、变化的眼光看待事物，能透过复杂纷乱的现象认清事物的本质。在论证有效性分析写作中，应该时时以辩证思维为指导，不断发现题干中片面的、凝固的、僵死的问题。
2．发散思维
发散思维，是指从思维对象出发，多方出击，无拘无束，任思想自由翱翔，大胆想像，不受
固有知识和传统观念束缚的思维方法。这种思维方法容易获得独特而新颖的看法，取得创新
性的成果。美国著名创造学家吉尔福特说：“正是在发散思维中，我们看到了创造性思维的
最明显的标志。”论证有效性分析写作，非常适宜使用发散思维，以获得对题干问题的新颖
别致、视角独特的看法。
3．逆向思维
逆向思维，指站在跟人们习惯了的常规思维方式相对立的方面去思考问题、解决问题的思维
方法。在论证有效性分析写作构思中，我们可以试着不顺着题干中陈述者的思路思考，而是
处处跟它反向思考，力求摆脱思维定势，大胆质疑，打破常规，标新立异。这样做更容易发
现题干中存在的问题，也能更快形成分析和评论问题的基本思路和基本观点。
（二）分析的基本手法
写作时可参考以下四种基本手法：
1．直驳法
直驳法，是指直接驳斥对方论点的方法。要想直接驳斥论点，首先要抓住对方论述中最主要、最本质的论点；其次，针对该论点，或用事理剖析，或用事实批驳，达到充分暴露错误论点
的荒谬之处的目的。
以下文为例，可针对“使用互动式电脑教学”是高中退学率下降和升入大学的学生成绩良好
的惟一原因这一要害，展开直接驳斥，以否定“划拨更多资金来购买电脑”和“全部课程中
使用互动式电脑教学”的结论。
例：两年前，新星高中开始在三种课程中使用互动式电脑教学，退学率马上就降了下来，而
且上一届毕业生升上大学后都取得了良好成绩。校董事会应该在以后的预算中，划拨更多资
金来购买电脑，而且该地区的所有学校都应该在全部课程中使用互动式电脑教学。
2．对比法
对比法，是指围绕一个中心论点，从正反、纵横等方面进行对比分析。正反对比，是将问题
正确和错误的两方面分别展示出来，使是非曲直一目了然。纵横对比包括纵向对比和横向对
比，纵向对比是把事物放在不同时间段里进行比较分析，横向对比是把发生在同一时间段里
的不同事物或同一事物的不同状况放在一起进行比较分析。对比分析可使观点更为鲜明有
力。
以下文为例，“降价”既可能在价格上增强竞争的优势，又可能减少利润收入，因而可从降
价的正反两面的效应展开分析。
例：要解决萨卡县现在面临的贸易赤字问题，最好是降低其主要出口产品糖的价格。这样会
使萨卡县在和其他糖出口县的市场竞争中更有优势。萨卡县的糖在海外的销售量将会飙升，它的贸易赤字也会相应地大幅下降。
3．归谬法
归谬法，就是先假设对方论点正确，然后加以引申、发挥，直至得到荒谬的结论，以此驳倒
对方的错误论点。这种方法以假为真，将对方逼入自相矛盾的困境，而且词锋锐利，语言幽
默，又有讽刺意味，非常适宜在论证有效性分析写作中加以使用。
以下文为例，结论“州立法会无需理睬抗议学生的呼吁”是以12000人比200人多很多为依
据的。如果这一思路是正确的，即只需考虑事物的数量而不及其余，那么，2003年全球SARS
患者只有几千人，在全球几十亿人口中这个数量是微不足道的，因此我们对SARS可以坐视
不管。这当然是错误的。由此可见，文中的观点是荒诞的，不可成立的。
例：去年冬天，威玛士州立大学有200名学生前往州议会大楼，抗议削减州立大学项目经费
的提案。另外12000名学生显然对自己的教育漠不关心：他们要么等在校园里，要么出去度
假了。由于未参加抗议者远多于抗议者，他们更能代表该大学的学生。因此，州立法会无需
理睬抗议学生的呼吁。
4．反证法
反证法，并不直接驳斥错误观点，而是先证明跟错误观点对立的另一论点的正确，从而以后
者的正确来驳倒前者的错误。论证有效性分析写作的性质属于驳论，十分适合使用这一方法。
以下文为例，可先从正面说明一个明星或乐队的成长轨迹：成名→多元化商业运作→经济效
益，从而用正确的逻辑事理来驳倒对方推理不当的谬误。
例：要想实现经济效益上的成功，叶彼得必须有更高的知名度，因此它应该开展多元化商业
运作。摇滚乐队杨凯得演奏的音乐和叶彼得类似，但知名度却更高。因为杨凯得除举办巡回
演奏会、出了四张专辑外，还发布系列海报，设计系列服饰，并和一家大广告公司签约，包
装其他产品。
05论证有效性分析的写作手法及精选范文（二）
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（在临考近期，华章MBA培训中心向考生推出逻辑与写作的精品免费套餐！希望考生能多
多在这两方面加强练习！！以备在考试时战无不胜！！）
二、结构
因考试时间短，写作字数不多，所以作文结构不宜过于复杂。我们认为，论证有效性分析写
作的结构形式宜采用“三段八股”式结构。
（一）三段
从结构手法看，其基本框架：一总（总说）——二分（分说）——三总（总说）。
从论述内容看，其基本框架：一提出问题——二分析问题——三解决问题。
这两个框架是叠合在一起的。
1．总/提出问题
总，即总说。提出问题，是第一段的主要内容。
（1）具体内容：
直接引进题干的错误观点，并提出自己的否定看法。
如题干有论述者的具体出处，则引用具体名称。例如题干显示“下文摘录于某投资公司的一
份商业计划”，文章开始便可用如下语言模式表述：“某投资公司的商业计划认为??而这种
看法存在着很大偏颇（或这种看法存在着一定偏颇、这种看法存在着某些缺漏等）。”
如题干没有论证者的具体出处，可用如下语言模式表述：“上述论证认为??而这种看法存
在着很大偏颇（或这种看法存在着一定偏颇、这种看法存在着某些缺漏等）。”
（2）采用以下语句模式可较快入题：
语句模式A：某??计划（报告、文章、评论等）认为??而??存在着??偏颇。
语句模式B：上述论证认为??而??存在着??偏颇。
常用引导词语：某??计划（报告、文章、评论等）认为、上述论证认为、上述论述认为、陈述者认为、论者认为等。
2．分/分析问题
分，即分说，分项对问题加以分析和评论。分析问题，是第二段的主要内容。
（1）结构关系：
第2段主要是具体分析错误的原因，应该以审题思路安排文章层次。分论点之间可以是递进
关系，也可以是并列关系，采取哪一种关系完全由题干类型决定。问题是单一类型的题干适
宜使用递进关系，层层深入地驳斥对方；多类偏误混用型题干适宜使用并列关系，最后归纳
评论其错误。
常用分层词语：首先、其次；第一、第二等。
（2）段落安排：
分说部分，如果是一个自然段，一个论点，内容会过于单薄；如果是一个自然段，两个分论
点，眉目不清。
以两个自然段、两个分论点为宜。三个自然段，三个分论点，在字数和内容的协调上有一定
难度，处理得当，可达到内容充实的极佳效果，处理不当，或篇幅过长，或内容零散，则得
不偿失。“三”是极限，自然段和分论点更多就无法把握了。
3．总/解决问题
第三段，总括上述分析，得出正确结论。
常用作结词汇：因此、总之、综上所述等。
（二）“三段八股”式与“三段八股”文
1．“三段八股”式
第一段 总说段：提出问题（约50字~100字）
第（1）股 指出论方的错误观点。 自然段1：起
第（2）股 表明自己对这一观点的看法。
第三段 分说段：分析问题（约400字~500字）
第（3）股 分论点1
第（4）股 分论据1自然段2：承
第（5）股 分论点2
第（6）股分论据2 自然段3：转
第三段 总说段：解决问题（约50字~100字）
第（7）股 归纳分论点。
第（8）股 照应第1段，扣题，概括全文主旨。 自然段4：合
2．“三段八股”文
下面我们用“三段八股”式结构，试分析一篇下文为题的范文，文中序号代表“股”数。
例：我们现在准备了一些太阳能发电设备，所以成本已经开始下降了。另外，现在人们正在
研究、开发新的利用太阳能的技术。我们因此可以预计，用太阳能发电将要比用煤、石油更
具有成本有效性和吸引力。所以，我们应该鼓励对生产太阳能产品的索拉瑞奥公司进行投资。毕竟索拉瑞奥公司的首席执行官曾经是雷得威软件公司财务规划组的成员，而该软件公司自
不久前成立以来一直在迅猛发展。
参考文冒险的投资
《范文》出自：百味书屋
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