篇一：Besides, except和apart from用法之异同
Besides, except和apart from用法之异同
1．Besides意为“除??以外（还包括）”。例如：
Besides John, we also went there.除了约翰外，我们也去了那里。
Who else heard of it besides you?除了你外还有谁听说过此事。
2．Except意为“除??以外（不包括）”。例如：
He cleaned all the rooms except the bathroom.除了洗澡间，他把所有的房间都清扫了。
I looked everywhere except here.除了这里外，我找遍了所有地方。
3．Apart from有两种含义：
（1）相当于besides.意为“除??以外（还包括）”。例如：
Apart from my mother tongue, I speak several foreign languages as well.除了母语外，我还会讲好几种外语。
He has no other interests, apart from his work.除了工作外，他别无其他兴趣。
（2）相当于except.意为“除??以外（不包括）”。例如：
I like all the subjects apart from English.除了英语外，我喜欢所有学科。
They all went to see the movie except him.除了他外，他们都去看电影了。
（3）In addition (to)相当于besides. 意为“除??以外（还包括）”、“加之”。例如：
In addition to the names on the list there are six other applicants.除了名单上名字外，还有另外六个求职者。 He lost his job and in addition to that his wife left him.除了妻子离他而去外，他还失去了工作。
besides,but,except,exept for,excepting,apart from的区别
（1） besides与except 前者表示”除．．．以外，还有．．．”；后者表示”从整体中除去．．．” 这个大家都知道，就不举例子了．
（ 2）except与except for
a．除去的和非除去的是同类事物，用except eg： All the essays are well written except Nelson's. Nelson的文章（除去的）和All the essays（非除去的）是同类事物，所以用except．
b．除去的和非除去的不是同类事物，用except for，并且从语气上通常表示遗憾． eg：His essay is well written except for a few spelling mistakes. a few spelling mistakes(除去的）和His essay（非除去的）是不同类的事物．
（3） apart from 具有多重意义：既可表示besides，也可以表示exept或exept for，还可以表示without的意思 eg： Apart from the cost,it will take a lot of time.(=besides) The orphan had no one to take care of him apart from his uncle.(=except) He has done good work,apart from a few slight faults.(=except for) There can be no knowledge apart from practice.实践出真知．（＝
without）
（4） excepting =except,但一般用于句首或用于not，without，always等词之后 eg: Excepting his brother,they are all right. Everyone,not excepting myself,must share the blame. All of us,without excepting those who know more about the subject,should study. All my brothers com here every day,always excepting the youngest.
（5） but与except同义，但but多用在every，any，no等和由这些词构成的复合词如everything，anywhere，nobody等 词以后及all，none之后 eg： The children go to school everyday but Sunday. They are all gone but me. You can get the book anywhere but here. There is no one but me. Who but George would do such a thing?
篇二：apart from是一个非常有用的短语
apart from是一个非常有用的短语。可以用来替代except, besides及except for。例如： Apart from a few words, he knows nothing about Chinese.
除了几个单词外，他对汉语一无所知。
本句中的apart from可以换成nothing。
Apart from Jim, Lucy and Lily also attended the meeting.
除了吉姆，虂茜和莉莉也参加了会议。
此句中的apart from可以由besides替换。
This article is well written apart from a few spelling mistakes.
这篇文章写得很好，只是有几处拼写错误。
这一句中的apart from可以替换成except for。
介词besides，except，except for，but，apart from 和 in addition to 在用法上有何区别？ besides 和 in addition to 同义，表示“除??之外(还)??”。但是，当与nothing，nobody或no one等否定意义的不定代词连用时，besides与except同义，表示“除?之外(其余都不)”。例如：
She knows Japanese besides English.
In addition to English, she knows Japanese.
All of them went to climb the mountain except me.
except 表示“除??外，(其余都)??”，常与“all，every，no，none，nothing”等含有整体肯定或否定意义的词连用。
except for： 它的宾语与前述对象完全是两回事。例如：The room was very cold and, except for Jack, entirely empty.这个房间很阴冷，而且除了杰克，完全是空荡荡的。
Except：指同一类事物的总体中除去一部分。如：He gets up early everyday except Sunday. 除星期天外，他每天早起。
Except that后面跟从句，语意与上同。如：He has always been in good health except that he has had a slight headache in the past few days. 除了在过去几天里有些头痛之外，他身体一直很好。
But：常可与 except互换，强调“不在其中”。例如：Everyone attended the meeting but Mary. 大家都出席了这次会议，但玛丽不在其列。
besides:强调“除此之外，还包括”。例如：She can speak French and Japanese besides English. 除英语外，她还会讲法语和日语。
apart from；其含义主要依据上下文而定，有时可与except换用，有时可代替besides.例如：Apart from the coat, the hat doesn't suit me. 除价钱太贵，这帽子也不适合我戴。
except 用于同类之间。
except for 用于不同类的。
apart from 在同类或不同类都能用
篇三：史上最全的 构词法 用法详解
史上最全的用法详解
语言中词的总和构成词汇，但是词汇并不是一堆杂乱无章、互不相关的群体，而是一个严密体系，在这个结构的体系中，词与词之间有着各种各样的联系。英语中的这些联系的规律总结起来就是构词。英语中构词的方法就是构词法。构词法主要有合成法、转化法、派生法和缩略法四种。掌握构词法是迅速扩大词汇量的重要方法之一。
第一节 合成法
合成法就是指由两个或两个以上的单词合成的词叫合成词。这种构词方式主要有两种：复合法、结合法。合成法主要是构成合成名词和合成形容词。
复合法构成的复合词，它们各个结合的部分相互间的语法关系是紧密相关的。如
blackboard和darkroom都是形容词和名词形成的结构，writing desk是动词名词和名词形式的结构。
结合法形成的词是形态合成词，它的结合是用一个起来连接作用的中缀来把两个或两上以上的词根词素紧紧的连缀在一起。如，用辅音字母－s－来缀全两个词根词素构成的词有：salesman, townspeople等。
合成的方式常见的有如下几种：
一、合成名词
1、名词／代词＋名词：
woman-doctor, women-doctors, workshop, spaceship, he-goat, coal fire,
motorcycle, gas cooker, oil well, power plant, silk worm, gold mine, bottleneck, piano keys, telephonereceiver, television screen, chairman, fireman, motorman, police-officer, postman, pine tree, girl friend, boy friend, goldfish, raindrop,
birdcage, breakfast time, flowerbed, tearoom,
2、动词＋名词：blowpipe, flashlight, watchdog, call-girl, searchlight
3、形容词＋名词：
blacksmith, blackboard, supermarket, superman, darkroom, blackbird,
highchair, hothouse, greenhouse, madman
4、动名词＋名词：
reading-room, sitting-room, classroom, schoolroom, dining room, building
materials, dancing girl, cleaning women, flying machine, washing machine, working conditions, boilding point, drinking water, swimming pool, drinking cup, typing paper, writing desk, sewing machine, walking stick,
5、名词＋动名词：
machine-building, shoe-making, paper-correcting, book-keeping,
dressmaking, letter-writing, story-telling, town-planning, handwriting, sun-bathing, horse riding, churchgoing, daydreaming
6、动词＋副词：stand-by, take-off, cut-off, breakdown
7、副词＋名词：downfall, rainfall, outhouse
8、现在分词＋名词：
running dog, running water, flying fish, rising sun, burning stick,
9、名词＋介词＋名词：man-of-war, editor-in-chief,
10、名词＋连词字母＋名词：handiwork, nowadays
11、介词／副词＋名词：afternoon, inland, overbalance
二、合成形容词
1、形容词＋名词＋ed：five-storeyed, one-eyed, double-faced, blue-eyed,
2、名词＋名词＋ed：honey-mouthed,
3、名词／代词＋分词：
man-made, heart-broken, self-educated, snow-covered, man-eating,
peace-loving, paper-making, ocean-going, heartfelt, handmade, home-made, sunburnt, weather-beaten
4、名词／代词＋形容词：
color-blind, ice-cool, seasick, airsick, tax-free, grass-green, snow-white,
rock-hard, sea-green
5、形容词／数词＋名词：full-time, high-grade, second-hand,
6、形容词／数词＋分词：ready-made, sleepy-looking, good-looking,
7、副词＋分词：
far-reaching, so-called, hard-working, far-reaching, well-meaning, newly-laid, well-meant, wide-spread
8、副词＋形容词：ever-green, under-ripe,
9、形容词＋形容词：dark-blue, red-hot, grey-green
10、介词＋名词：downhill, overnight
三、合成副词
1、形容词＋名词：sometimes, meanwhile
2、副词＋名词：oftentimes, indoors, outdoors, overhead
3、介词＋名词：alongside, beforehand
4、名词＋形容词：skyhigh, stonestill,
5、副词＋介词：nearby, upalong,
四、合成动词
1、 名词＋动词：overhear, underline
2、 形容词＋动词：moonwalk
3、 副词＋动词：white-wash, safeguard
五、其它合成词
1、合成代词：everybody, everyone, everything, anyone, anybody, anything
2、合成介词：outside, inside, throughout
第二节 转化法
不用借助构词词缀，把一个单词从一种词类转化成另一种词类的方法就是转化法。由于词类转化的结果，英语中就形成了大量外形相同但词类不同的词，即同形异类词。转化主要有如下几种类型。
一、名词起定语作用（类似名词转化为形容词）：
space travel, television network, stone table, paper bag, water pipe, history teacher, college students
二、名词转化为动词：
boat?go boating, dust?to dust the desk, film?to film this story, mail?to mail, ship?to ship the goods, train?to train
三、形容词转化为动词：
slow?to slow down a little bit, dry?to dry your hands, wrong?to wrong sb, free?to free the slaves, narrow?to narrow the street,
四、动词转化为名词：
to act?an act, to dress?a good dress, to doubt?without any doubt, to guide us?a local guide, to smell?a terrible smell, to love?love of one’s country, to taste?a good taste, to demand?a demand for more equal rights
五、形容词转化为名词：
chemical?dangerous chemicals, daily?China Daily, final?a maths final, native?a native
第三节 派生法
派生法又叫词缀法，即在一个单词前或其后加上词缀，构成新的单词。中学英语中以派生法生成的词汇占整个中学词汇总量的25％。
一、前缀
一般说来前缀不会改变一个词的词性。
1、否定前缀
(1) un-
a. un +形容词：unfit, unhappy, unfair, unlucky, unfortunate, unkind,
unimportant, unnecessary, uncomfortable, unselfish, unusual, uncommon,
unexpected, unknown, unthinkable, unbelievable, unseen, unforgettable, unwise, unhealthy, unpleasant, unable, untrue
b. un+副词：undoubtedly, unexpectedly, unfortunately, unusually, unhappily, unluckily
由un＋形容词构成的词除了unknown, unseen, unfit等词之外，其它词都可变为加-ly的副词（个别形容词尾需要变动）。
c. un＋动词：uncover, untie, unlock, undress, undo, unpack
(2) im＋形容词：impossible, impolite
(3) in＋形容词：incorrect, incomplete, invisible, independent
(4) ir＋形容词：irregular
(5) mis＋动词：misspell, misunderstand, mistake
(6) dis-
a. dis＋名词：dishonour, disease, discomfort
b. dis＋形容词：dishonest, discouraged
c. dis＋动词：disappear, dislike, discover, disclose, disagree, discomfort, dismiss
2、表示空间、位置关系的前缀
(1) a－，大多加在音节较少的名词或不及物动词上构成新词，表示“在……之上、向……、处于……状态”：ahead, abroad, aside, alive, awake, above, about等。
(2) fore－，表示“在……前面”：forehead, foreground, forearm, foreleg
(3) in, il, im, ir表示“向……内 在……内”：inside, include, import
(4) inter－，表示“在……间、相互”：international
(5) intro－，表示“在（向）……内”：introduce
(6) out－，表示“向外”：outside, outlook, outdoors, outflow
(7) over－，表示“在上面的、在外的”：overhead, overlook, overcoat, overcome, overtime, overgrow
(8) pre－，表示“在前”：prefix, preposition
(9) pro－，表示“在（向）前”：progress, programme
(10) sur－，表示“在……上”：surface, surround
(11) trans＿，表示“转移”：translate
(12) under－，表示“在……下”：undergraound, underline
(13) up－，表示“向上”：upward, upset, upstairs
《apart用法详解》出自：百味书屋
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