篇一：赏析版2013年7月经济学人文章(英汉双语对照)汇集 (1)
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赏析版2013年7月经济学人文章（英汉双语对照）汇集
Contents
[2013.07.01] Egypt: Morsi's choice 埃及总统穆尔西的抉择 ........................................................ 1
[2013.07.02] Using maths to explain the universe 用数学解释整个宇宙 ...................................... 3
[2013.07.06] Transatlantic espionage: The lives of others 窃听风暴 .............................................. 8
[2013.07.06]Stem-cell therapies: Prometheus unbound干细胞治疗 ............................................. 12
[2013.07.06] LVMH and Hermès: Hidden predators 路威酩轩vs.爱马仕 .................................. 16
[2013.07.12] New film: "Pacific Rim" 新电影：《环太平洋》 .................................................... 18
[2013.07.13] The Arab spring: Has it failed? 阿拉伯之春失败了吗？ ........................................ 20
[2013.07.13] Going for growth 亚洲谋求经济发展之道 ............................................................. 24
[2013.07.13] Children’s intellectual development 儿童智力发展 ................................................ 27
[2013.07.13] The rising dollar: Green and back 美元的复苏和回归 ............................................ 29
[2013.07.13] Financial data: Seconds out 金融讯息提前外漏 ..................................................... 32
[2013.07.13] Free exchange: Ad scientists 搜索引擎广告效果研究 ............................................ 34
[2013.07.13] The economy: The haves and the have-nots 富国穷国 ............................................ 38
[2013.07.20] Glad to be grey 长白头发是好事情？ .................................................................... 45
[2013.07.20] The triumph of low expectations 不失望只因期望少 ............................................. 47
[2013.07.20]Bandwagon behaviour 从众行为 .............................................................................. 51
[2013.07.23] Britain’s recovery: Hold your breath 英伦复苏路漫漫 ........................................... 55
[2013.07.27]The Great Deceleration 金砖四国经济大减速 ......................................................... 57
1
[2013.07.01] Egypt: Morsi's choice 埃及总统穆尔西的抉择
Egypt Morsi's choice
穆尔西的抉择
Jul 1st 2013, 22:12 by M.R. | CAIRO
WHAT would you do if millions of citizens poured into streets demanding that you go? On television during his election campaign last year, Muhammad Morsi answered without hesitation. First, he said, people would not demonstrate against him because as president he would faithfully represent their will. “But if they do,” he added firmly, “I would be the first to resign.”
如果有几百万民众涌入街头示威要求你下台，你会怎么做？去年穆罕穆德?穆尔西在电视上发表竞选演讲时毫不犹豫地回答了这个问题。他回答道，首先，民众不会示威反对他，因为作为总统，他会切实代表民意。同时，他也坚定地说：“如果民众真的反对我，我会不假思索地辞职。”
But Egypt’s first freely-elected president has not resigned, yet, despite nationwide protests on June 30th that were far bigger than those that brought down his predecessor, Hosni Mubarak, two and a half years ago. Not only did the vast crowds bring every major city in Egypt to a standstill, amid an impromptu general strike. In scores of villages and provincial towns, protesters invaded government offices and shut them down by force, as police looked on approvingly. They also invaded, torched and looted the Cairo headquarters of the Muslim Brotherhood, the secretive fraternity that nurtured Mr Morsi and carried him to power. Five of his own ministers resigned, too, the latest in a long string of defections in the 12 months since Mr Morsi took office.
但是，这位埃及第一个民选总统食言了，尽管在六月三十日，全国范围内反对穆尔西的浪潮比两年半前迫使上一任总统穆巴拉克下台的反对声音要猛烈的多。在埃及的各个大城市中，大批民众自发组织罢工，这些城市几乎陷入停滞状态。在很多村镇和省级城市，反对者在警方的默许下冲入政府办公室并强行关闭这些办公场所。他们还闯入穆斯林兄弟会（一个隐秘的兄弟会，培养并扶持穆尔西上台）在开罗的总部，打砸抢烧不所不做。穆尔西自上台以来的十二个月里受到了太多的背叛，而据最新消息，他的五个部长也相继辞职，这无疑为其受到背叛的记录上又添上了浓重的一笔。
As if still more prompting were needed, on July 1st, Egypt’s army issued an ultimatum. If the country’s bickering civilian politicians do not find ways to meet people’s demands within 48 hours, it said, the army will issue its own political road map for them to follow. Given the extreme polarisation of Egypt’s politics, and the accelerating evaporation of the Brotherhood’s constituency, there does not seem to be much incentive for Mr Morsi’s opponents to compromise.
人们好像认为这场冲突需要更多的助推器，于是在七月一日埃及军方对冲突发布了最后通牒。通牒指出，如果那些为小事争吵不断的平民政治家不能在48小时内满足群众的要求，军方将发布自己指 1
导国家发展的政治路线图。考虑到埃及极端两极分化的政策以及迅速减少的穆兄会支持者，想让穆尔西的反对者妥协看来是不可能的。
For hundreds of thousands of Egyptians who came out for a second day of cheerful protests, there was no doubt what the army’s diktat meant: Mr Morsi is finished. Lending further credence to this supposition, a squadron of army helicopters, each trailing a giant Egyptian flag, circled Cairo’s Tahrir Square in a triumphant show of force that was met with roars of approval. The military also paid an unannounced visit to the Nile-side headquarters of Egypt’s state broadcasting system. The officials Mr Morsi had appointed to run Egyptian TV and radio quietly exited.
第二天，数十万埃及民众涌入街道欢呼雀跃，对他们来说，军方的命令无疑意味着穆尔西的统治已经结束。而当拖着巨大埃及国旗的军方直升机队伍盘旋在开罗塔利尔广场上方进行胜利表演时，也赢来了民众的阵阵欢呼声，这也更加证实了民众的猜想。埃及军方还未通知就前往位于尼罗河岸边的埃及广播电视台总部。穆尔西任命的埃及广播电视台官员早已悄悄地被撤换。
Despite the army's insistence that its ultimatum does not amount to a coup, some have already declared its intervention a “soft coup”, not unlike its move, in 2011, to usher Mr Mubarak out of power. The military lingered too long then, during the tumultuous transition before Mr Morsi’s term, earning opprobrium for human rights abuses and general ham-fistedness. But a precipitous slide in Egypt’s economy under civilian rule, accompanied by lawlessness and corruption, has aided in shortening memories. With Mr Morsi’s administration having signally failed to tackle the country’s myriad and deep problems, opposition to it has snowballed over recent weeks into an avalanche. Opinion polls from before the recent protests gave Mr Morsi an approval rating of around 30%. This has certainly now shrivelled as even fellow Islamists have abandoned a clearly sinking ship. Still, the Muslim Brotherhood has hundreds of thousands of active members, and millions of sympathisers. Containing their unhappiness will be a pressing challenge.
尽管军方一再强调此次的最后通牒不是政变，但某些人认为此次军方对政治的干预就是一场“较为缓和的政变”，和2011年推翻穆巴拉克政府的行动一样。在当时穆尔西政府之前的骚乱过渡期，军方长期留恋权位，导致埃及民众的人权遭到践踏，社会混乱，从而引发民众对军方的强烈不满与抨击。然而在平民政权的统治下，埃及的经济形势急剧下滑，再加上法制的缺失和官员腐败，使得人们暂时忘记了军方的错误。由于穆尔西政府在处理国家大量深层问题时明显表现出的无能，过去的几周内反对派的声音如滚雪球般急剧起来，最终导致雪崩。在最近的抗议冲突之前的民调显示，穆尔西那时的支持率是30%。当然现在他的支持率肯定降低了很多，因为即使是伊斯兰同胞也放弃了他这艘行将沉没的船了。然而，穆兄会仍有十几万积极分子以及几百万怜悯同情者。平抚他们的不满情绪将不会是件容易的事。
Egypt’s military has not revealed what its “road map” might look like. Most analysts expect that, having absorbed lessons from its last intervention, the army may this time both act more forcefully and set a quicker pace. The expectation is that its goal will be a return to civilian rule, under a revised and more inclusive constitution than the one that Mr Morsi hastily forced through last year. But despite the sudden eruption of public enthusiasm for the army, worries do linger. Could it be that now, armed with massive public backing and having dispensed with the Brotherhood, the only civilian party strong enough to challenge them, Egypt’s soldiers may be tempted to stay in power? 2
埃及军方目前仍没公布其“政治路线图”。大多数分析人士预测，吸取了上次干预的教训，埃及军方这次会更加迅速地实施更严厉的军事打击。目前民众希望军方推动宪法修改，使之与去年穆尔西强推的那部宪法相比更具包容性，并在此基础上恢复文官统治制度。但虽然军方获得了公众意想不到的热情支持，顾虑仍然存在。埃及的士兵们获得了广大群众的支持，打败了穆兄会（唯一能够与军方抗衡的平民团体），没了约束，埃及军方也许会贪恋权力？
译者：moona88188 [2013.07.02] Using maths to explain the universe 用数学解释整个宇宙 Quick Study: Leonard Susskind on string theory
快速学习：与伦纳德-萨斯坎德讨论弦理论
Using maths to explain the universe
用数学解释整个宇宙
Jul 2nd 2013, 12:52 by A.B.
LEONARD SUSSKIND is a professor of theoretical physics at Stanford University and director of the Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics. He is regarded as one of the fathers of string theory, a somewhat controversial attempt to explain physics using a single mathematical framework.
He is the author of several popular-science books about matters cosmological. His new book, “The Theoretical Minimum”, co-written with George Hrabovsky, an amateur physicist, is a primer for readers who want to know how to think like a physicist.
他撰写了若干本宇宙学的大众科学读物。他的新书《理论最小值》是与业余物理学家乔治-拉博夫斯基合作完成的，读者若想学习如何像物理学家一样思想，这本书可作为入门读物。
Can you outline what we know about string theory?
请你概括一下我们对弦理论的了解？
The most important single thing about string theory is that it’s a highly mathematical theory and the mathematics holds together in a very tight and consistent way. It contains in its basic structure both quantum mechanics and the theory of gravity. That’s big news.
弦理论最重要的一点是，它是一个高度数学化的理论，在整个理论中数学结合的方式非常严密和一致。量子力学和万有引力理论都包含在弦理论的基本结构中。这点非常重要。
3
Why?
为什么呢？
Basically, from the time of Einstein’s [theory of] general relativity there was no good idea about how quantum mechanics and gravity fit together. They were always at each other’s throat, apparently inconsistent. String theory’s biggest and most important impact is to show that gravity and quantum mechanics can and do fit together. That, more than anything else, has maintained interest in it.
简单来说,爱因斯坦提出广义相对论时，当时并没有能把量子力学和万有引力统一起来的好理论。量子力学和引力总是相互矛盾，明显不能统一。弦理论最大、也是最重要的影响在于,它显示引力和量子力学是可以统一的,并且确实是统一的。这一点比弦理论的其余方面都更引人注目。
String theory presumes the existence of extra spatial dimensions. How do we know they exist?
弦理论假设有更高的空间维度存在.我们怎么知道它们存在?
It must be so because it is so deeply embedded in the mathematics and not easy to explain. I pride myself on being able to explain things to a broad audience, but sometimes you have to say it’s buried in the mathematics. [The theory] just doesn’t work unless you add six more dimensions to the world and we’ll have to leave it at that.
其他维度肯定是存在的,因为它深深根植在数学之中,而且不太容易解释。我对自己向广大观众解释问题的能力引以为豪,但有时必须得说,它就深藏在数学里。除非你给宇宙额外加上6个维度，否则(该理论)根本就不能用,我们只能这样了。
Okay, but why have we been unaware of them until now?
好吧,但为什么直到现在我们才开始意识到它们存在?
Because they’re tiny.
因为它们很小很小。
So, we can’t understand these dimensions because they are too small?
就是说,因为这些维度太小了所以我们无法理解?
Yes.
是的。
And what difference do the dimensions make to the layperson’s understanding of the universe?
这些空间维度和普通人对宇宙的理解有什么区别?
These extra dimensions can be arranged and put together in many different patterns, in a variety of different ways. Not billions, trillions or quintillions of ways, but many more than that. The ways 4
篇二：赏析版2013年7月经济学人文章_英汉双语对照_
贸大考研论坛，贸大人的精神家园！
赏析版2013年7月经济学人文章（英汉双语对照）汇集
Contents
[2013.07.01] Egypt: Morsi's choice 埃及总统穆尔西的抉择 ........................................................ 1
[2013.07.02] Using maths to explain the universe 用数学解释整个宇宙 ...................................... 3
[2013.07.06] Transatlantic espionage: The lives of others 窃听风暴 .............................................. 8
[2013.07.06]Stem-cell therapies: Prometheus unbound干细胞治疗 ............................................. 12
[2013.07.06] LVMH and Hermès: Hidden predators 路威酩轩vs.爱马仕 .................................. 16
[2013.07.12] New film: "Pacific Rim" 新电影：《环太平洋》 .................................................... 18
[2013.07.13] The Arab spring: Has it failed? 阿拉伯之春失败了吗？ ........................................ 20
[2013.07.13] Going for growth 亚洲谋求经济发展之道 ............................................................. 24
[2013.07.13] Children’s intellectual development 儿童智力发展 ................................................ 27
[2013.07.13] The rising dollar: Green and back 美元的复苏和回归 ............................................ 29
[2013.07.13] Financial data: Seconds out 金融讯息提前外漏 ..................................................... 32
[2013.07.13] Free exchange: Ad scientists 搜索引擎广告效果研究 ............................................ 34
[2013.07.13] The economy: The haves and the have-nots 富国穷国 ............................................ 38
[2013.07.20] Glad to be grey 长白头发是好事情？..................................................................... 45
[2013.07.20] The triumph of low expectations 不失望只因期望少 ............................................. 47
[2013.07.20]Bandwagon behaviour 从众行为 .............................................................................. 51
[2013.07.23] Britain’s recovery: Hold your breath 英伦复苏路漫漫 ........................................... 55
[2013.07.27]The Great Deceleration 金砖四国经济大减速 ......................................................... 57
1
[2013.07.01] Egypt: Morsi's choice 埃及总统穆尔西的抉择
Egypt Morsi's choice
穆尔西的抉择
Jul 1st 2013, 22:12 by M.R. | CAIRO
WHAT would you do if millions of citizens poured into streets demanding that you go? On television during his election campaign last year, Muhammad Morsi answered without hesitation. First, he said, people would not demonstrate against him because as president he would faithfully represent their will. “But if they do,” he added firmly, “I would be the first to resign.”
如果有几百万民众涌入街头示威要求你下台，你会怎么做？去年穆罕穆德?穆尔西在电视上发表竞选演讲时毫不犹豫地回答了这个问题。他回答道，首先，民众不会示威反对他，因为作为总统，他会切实代表民意。同时，他也坚定地说：“如果民众真的反对我，我会不假思索地辞职。”
But Egypt’s first freely-elected president has not resigned, yet, despite nationwide protests on June 30th that were far bigger than those that brought down his predecessor, Hosni Mubarak, two and a half years ago. Not only did the vast crowds bring every major city in Egypt to a standstill, amid an impromptu general strike. In scores of villages and provincial towns, protesters invaded government offices and shut them down by force, as police looked on approvingly. They also invaded, torched and looted the Cairo headquarters of the Muslim Brotherhood, the secretive fraternity that nurtured Mr Morsi and carried him to power. Five of his own ministers resigned, too, the latest in a long string of defections in the 12 months since Mr Morsi took office.
但是，这位埃及第一个民选总统食言了，尽管在六月三十日，全国范围内反对穆尔西的浪潮比两年半前迫使上一任总统穆巴拉克下台的反对声音要猛烈的多。在埃及的各个大城市中，大批民众自发组织罢工，这些城市几乎陷入停滞状态。在很多村镇和省级城市，反对者在警方的默许下冲入政府办公室并强行关闭这些办公场所。他们还闯入穆斯林兄弟会（一个隐秘的兄弟会，培养并扶持穆尔西上台）在开罗的总部，打砸抢烧不所不做。穆尔西自上台以来的十二个月里受到了太多的背叛，而据最新消息，他的五个部长也相继辞职，这无疑为其受到背叛的记录上又添上了浓重的一笔。
As if still more prompting were needed, on July 1st, Egypt’s army issued an ultimatum. If the country’s bickering civilian politicians do not find ways to meet people’s demands within 48 hours, it said, the army will issue its own political road map for them to follow. Given the extreme polarisation of Egypt’s politics, and the accelerating evaporation of the Brotherhood’s constituency, there does not seem to be much incentive for Mr Morsi’s opponents to compromise.
人们好像认为这场冲突需要更多的助推器，于是在七月一日埃及军方对冲突发布了最后通牒。通牒指出，如果那些为小事争吵不断的平民政治家不能在48小时内满足群众的要求，军方将发布自己指
1
导国家发展的政治路线图。考虑到埃及极端两极分化的政策以及迅速减少的穆兄会支持者，想让穆尔西的反对者妥协看来是不可能的。
For hundreds of thousands of Egyptians who came out for a second day of cheerful protests, there was no doubt what the army’s diktat meant: Mr Morsi is finished. Lending further credence to this supposition, a squadron of army helicopters, each trailing a giant Egyptian flag, circled Cairo’s Tahrir Square in a triumphant show of force that was met with roars of approval. The military also paid an unannounced visit to the Nile-side headquarters of Egypt’s state broadcasting system. The officials Mr Morsi had appointed to run Egyptian TV and radio quietly exited.
第二天，数十万埃及民众涌入街道欢呼雀跃，对他们来说，军方的命令无疑意味着穆尔西的统治已经结束。而当拖着巨大埃及国旗的军方直升机队伍盘旋在开罗塔利尔广场上方进行胜利表演时，也赢来了民众的阵阵欢呼声，这也更加证实了民众的猜想。埃及军方还未通知就前往位于尼罗河岸边的埃及广播电视台总部。穆尔西任命的埃及广播电视台官员早已悄悄地被撤换。
Despite the army's insistence that its ultimatum does not amount to a coup, some have already declared its intervention a “soft coup”, not unlike its move, in 2011, to usher Mr Mubarak out of power. The military lingered too long then, during the tumultuous transition before Mr Morsi’s term, earning opprobrium for human rights abuses and general ham-fistedness. But a precipitous slide in Egypt’s economy under civilian rule, accompanied by lawlessness and corruption, has aided in shortening memories. With Mr Morsi’s administration having signally failed to tackle the country’s myriad and deep problems, opposition to it has snowballed over recent weeks into an avalanche. Opinion polls from before the recent protests gave Mr Morsi an approval rating of around 30%. This has certainly now shrivelled as even fellow Islamists have abandoned a clearly sinking ship. Still, the Muslim Brotherhood has hundreds of thousands of active members, and millions of sympathisers. Containing their unhappiness will be a pressing challenge.
尽管军方一再强调此次的最后通牒不是政变，但某些人认为此次军方对政治的干预就是一场“较为缓和的政变”，和2011年推翻穆巴拉克政府的行动一样。在当时穆尔西政府之前的骚乱过渡期，军方长期留恋权位，导致埃及民众的人权遭到践踏，社会混乱，从而引发民众对军方的强烈不满与抨击。然而在平民政权的统治下，埃及的经济形势急剧下滑，再加上法制的缺失和官员腐败，使得人们暂时忘记了军方的错误。由于穆尔西政府在处理国家大量深层问题时明显表现出的无能，过去的几周内反对派的声音如滚雪球般急剧起来，最终导致雪崩。在最近的抗议冲突之前的民调显示，穆尔西那时的支持率是30%。当然现在他的支持率肯定降低了很多，因为即使是伊斯兰同胞也放弃了他这艘行将沉没的船了。然而，穆兄会仍有十几万积极分子以及几百万怜悯同情者。平抚他们的不满情绪将不会是件容易的事。
Egypt’s military has not revealed what its “road map” might look like. Most analysts expect that, having absorbed lessons from its last intervention, the army may this time both act more forcefully and set a quicker pace. The expectation is that its goal will be a return to civilian rule, under a revised and more inclusive constitution than the one that Mr Morsi hastily forced through last year. But despite the sudden eruption of public enthusiasm for the army, worries do linger. Could it be that now, armed with massive public backing and having dispensed with the Brotherhood, the only civilian party strong enough to challenge them, Egypt’s soldiers may be tempted to stay in power? 2
埃及军方目前仍没公布其“政治路线图”。大多数分析人士预测，吸取了上次干预的教训，埃及军方这次会更加迅速地实施更严厉的军事打击。目前民众希望军方推动宪法修改，使之与去年穆尔西强推的那部宪法相比更具包容性，并在此基础上恢复文官统治制度。但虽然军方获得了公众意想不到的热情支持，顾虑仍然存在。埃及的士兵们获得了广大群众的支持，打败了穆兄会（唯一能够与军方抗衡的平民团体），没了约束，埃及军方也许会贪恋权力？ 译者：moona88188
[2013.07.02] Using maths to explain the universe 用数学解释整个宇宙 Quick Study: Leonard Susskind on string theory
快速学习：与伦纳德-萨斯坎德讨论弦理论
Using maths to explain the universe
用数学解释整个宇宙
Jul 2nd 2013, 12:52 by A.B.
LEONARD SUSSKIND is a professor of theoretical physics at Stanford University and director of the Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics. He is regarded as one of the fathers of string theory, a
somewhat controversial attempt to explain physics using a single mathematical framework.
He is the author of several popular-science books about matters cosmological. His new book, “The Theoretical Minimum”, co-written with George Hrabovsky, an amateur physicist, is a primer for readers who want to know how to think like a physicist.
他撰写了若干本宇宙学的大众科学读物。他的新书《理论最小值》是与业余物理学家乔治-拉博夫斯基合作完成的，读者若想学习如何像物理学家一样思想，这本书可作为入门读物。
Can you outline what we know about string theory?
请你概括一下我们对弦理论的了解？
The most important single thing about string theory is that it’s a highly mathematical theory and the mathematics holds together in a very tight and consistent way. It contains in its basic structure both quantum mechanics and the theory of gravity. That’s big news.
弦理论最重要的一点是，它是一个高度数学化的理论，在整个理论中数学结合的方式非常严密和一致。量子力学和万有引力理论都包含在弦理论的基本结构中。这点非常重要。
3
Why?
为什么呢？
Basically, from the time of Einstein’s [theory of] general relativity there was no good idea about how quantum mechanics and gravity fit together. They were always at each other’s throat, apparently inconsistent. String theory’s biggest and most important impact is to show that gravity and quantum mechanics can and do fit together. That, more than anything else, has maintained interest in it.
简单来说,爱因斯坦提出广义相对论时，当时并没有能把量子力学和万有引力统一起来的好理论。量子力学和引力总是相互矛盾，明显不能统一。弦理论最大、也是最重要的影响在于,它显示引力和量子力学是可以统一的,并且确实是统一的。这一点比弦理论的其余方面都更引人注目。
String theory presumes the existence of extra spatial dimensions. How do we know they exist?
弦理论假设有更高的空间维度存在.我们怎么知道它们存在?
It must be so because it is so deeply embedded in the mathematics and not easy to explain. I pride myself on being able to explain things to a broad audience, but sometimes you have to say it’s buried in the mathematics. [The theory] just doesn’t work unless you add six more dimensions to the world and we’ll have to leave it at that.
其他维度肯定是存在的,因为它深深根植在数学之中,而且不太容易解释。我对自己向广大观众解释问题的能力引以为豪,但有时必须得说,它就深藏在数学里。除非你给宇宙额外加上6个维度，否则(该理论)根本就不能用,我们只能这样了。
Okay, but why have we been unaware of them until now? 好吧,但为什么直到现在我们才开始意识到它们存在?
Because they’re tiny.
因为它们很小很小。
So, we can’t understand these dimensions because they are too small? 就是说,因为这些维度太小了所以我们无法理解?
Yes.
是的。
And what difference do the dimensions make to the layperson’s understanding of the universe?
这些空间维度和普通人对宇宙的理解有什么区别?
These extra dimensions can be arranged and put together in many different patterns, in a variety of different ways. Not billions, trillions or quintillions of ways, but many more than that. The ways 4
篇三：赏析版2012年6月经济学人文章(英汉双语对照)汇集
赏析版2012年6月经济学人文章（英汉双语对照）汇集
Contents
[2006.12.19] Born of fire 精灵：无烟火所诞生的 ...........................................................1
[2006.12.19] Fire from heaven 天陨之火：太阳系的起源与灾难的... ...........................6
[2012.06.01] WHICH IS THE BEST MUSICAL INSTRUMENT? 序 .........................13
[2012.06.02]Italy?s troubled economy 意大利的问题经济 In need of refo... ................18
[2012.06.02] The Alamo 阿拉莫之战 ..............................................................................25
[2012.06.02] VC clone home 风投公司投资模仿者 .......................................................27
[2012.06.02] London's tech firms Peddling Jobs 伦敦高科技公司 兜售... ....................31
[2012.06.06] WHICH IS THE BEST MUSICAL INSTRUMENT? 系列之五：人声 ...33
[2012.06.09]The search for alien life 寻找外星生命 .......................................................35
[2012.06.09]Looking for love寻觅爱情 ...........................................................................38
[2012.06.09] Start the engines, Angela 发动引擎吧，安吉拉 ........................................40
[2012.06.09] Germany?s obstinate chancellor 固执的德国总理 .....................................44
[2012.06.09] Visas for entrepreneurs:Where creators are welcome 投资者签证 ............49
[2012.06.09] Burgernomics to go 该汉堡学闪亮登场了 ................................................51
[2012.06.13] The most persecuted group in Asia 亚洲受压迫最深重的族群 ................56
[2012.06.16] Money can?t buy me love 千金难买真幸福 ...............................................60
[2012.06.16]What is it for? 科学究竟有什么用？ ..........................................................62
[2012.06.16] Boundary conditions 边界条件 ..................................................................64
[2012.06.16]Gold in white and black “黑金”与“白金” ....................................................69
[2012.06.22]Chinese malconsumption 中国人的不当消费 ............................................72
[2012.06.23] Fakes and status in China 中国：假货向左，身份往右 ...........................73
[2012.06.23] Divided over Trident 三叉戟上的分歧 ......................................................78
[2012.06.23] Blooming horrible 可怕的富营养化 ..........................................................80
[2012.06.23] The laws of the city 城市定律 ....................................................................84
[2012.06.23] Player movement in basketball 篮球转会 ..................................................87
[2012.06.23]South Africa?s police 南非政治 ...................................................................92
[2012.06.30] Europe?s other crisis 欧洲面临的另一个危机 ...........................................94
[2012.06.30] A precarious brilliance 伦敦：辉煌之都摇摇欲坠 ...................................98
[2012.06.30] Protectionism alert 警惕贸易保护主义 ....................................................102
[2012.06.30] Fly me to the moon 好风凭借力，送我窥月宫.......................................105
[2012.06.30] Europe on the rack 欧洲：被绑在肢刑架上............................................108
[2012.06.30] Something doesn?t add up 似乎有点不对劲 ............................................112
[2006.12.19] Born of fire 精灵：无烟火所诞生的
【导读】你读过《一千零一夜》吗？那里的宝物中封印着精灵，它们能为主人做各种神奇的事情。但精灵究竟是什么？请看《经济学人》记者撰写的特别报告。
Special report: 特别报告：
Jinn 精灵[注1]
Born of fire 无烟火所诞生的
Our correspondent travels to Somalia and Afghanistan in search of jinn
本报记者前往索马里和阿富汗寻找精灵
Dec 19th 2006 | QARDHO | from the print edition
THERE is a cleft in a stone hill outside Qardho, in northern Somalia, which even the hardest gunmen
and frankincense merchants avoid. In the cool dark, out of the bleached sunshine, there is a pit, a kind of Alice in Wonderland rabbit hole, which is said to swirl down into the world of jinn. Locals say jinn—genies, that is—fade in and out above the pit. Sometimes they shift into forms of ostriches and run out over the desert scrub. 在索马里北部卡得侯（Qardho）郊外的石山上有一道大裂缝，那里就连最狠辣的枪手和乳香商人也避之不及。在灼热的阳光照射不到的清凉幽暗之处有一个岩洞，据说它跟《爱丽斯漫游奇境记》中描述的兔子洞 [注2] 一样盘旋下行，一直通往镇尼的世界。据当地人说，镇尼——也就是精灵（以下称精灵）——会在岩洞上空时隐时现。有时它们会幻化成鸵鸟的样子，消失在沙漠的灌木上方。
The Bible holds that God created angels and then made man in his own image. The Koran states that Allah fashioned angels from light and then made jinn from smokeless fire. Man was formed later, out of clay. Jinn disappointed Allah, not least by climbing to the highest vaults of the sky and
eavesdropping on the angels. Yet Allah did not annihilate them. No flood closed over their heads. Jinn were willed into existence, like man, to worship Allah and were preserved on earth for that purpose,
living in a parallel world, set at such an angle that jinn can see men, but men cannot see jinn. 《圣经》认为，上帝创造了天使，然后依照他自己的形象创造了男人。《可兰经》[注3]中说，真主用光创造了天使，然后用无烟火创造了精灵，之后才用粘土创造了男人。精灵表现不佳，很让真主失望，尤其是它们曾攀到天穹的最高处偷听天使的谈话。但真主并没有杀死精灵，也没有降下没顶的洪水淹死它们。它们像人类一样，按真主的意志，为赞美真主而成为真实的存在，生活在地球上。但它们生活在一个与人类世界平行的世界，这个世界与人类世界之间的角度使它们看得见人类，而人类看不到它们。
Less educated Muslims remain fearful of jinn. Hardly a week passes in the Muslim world without a strange story concerning them. Often the tales are foolish and melancholy. In August, for instance, Muslims in the Kikandwa district of central Uganda grew feverish over reports of jinn haunting and raping women in the district. So when a young woman stumbled out of the forest one day, unkempt and deranged, she was denounced as a jinn. Villagers beat her almost to death. Police finished the job with six bullets at close range. The young woman called out for her children in her last moments. An investigation revealed her to be from a neighbouring district. She had spent days without food or water, searching for her missing husband. Editorials in Ugandan newspapers called on the government formally to deny the existence of jinn. 文化程度不高的穆斯林现在还惧怕精灵。在穆斯林世界中，差不多每个星期都有与它们有关的古怪事件。这通常是些愚昧而又令人伤感的事件。例如今年8月，精灵在中乌干达中部吉坎德瓦（Kikandwa）地区作祟并强奸妇女的说法愈传愈盛，弄得人心惶惶。结果有一天，见到一个衣着不整、神志恍惚的年轻妇女跌跌撞撞地从森林里出来，村民们便斥其为精灵，几乎将她暴打致死。后来警察来了，在很近的距离内向她连开6枪，结束了她的生命。她在生命的最后时刻呼喊着自己的孩子。事后调查说明，她来自附近地区，正在寻找自己失踪的丈夫，好几天没吃饭没喝水。乌干达报纸的社论正式向政府呼吁，要求它否认精灵的存在。
That would be divisive. Although a few Islamic scholars have over the ages denied the existence of jinn, the consensus is that good Muslims should believe in them. Some Islamic jurists consider
marriage between jinn and humans to be lawful. There is a similar provision for the inheritance of jinn property. Sex during menstruation is an invitation to jinn and can result in a woman bearing a jinn child. According to the Koran, the Prophet Muhammad preached to bands of jinn. Some converted to Islam. This is how jinn describe their condition in the Koran:
此举会造成争议。尽管史上曾有些伊斯兰学者不承认精灵存在，但舆论普遍认为，虔诚的穆斯林应该相信精灵的存在。有些伊斯兰法学家考虑承认精灵与人类之间的婚姻合法。另一条类似的法律条款涉及精灵财产的继承。经期性生活能让精灵乘虚而入，可能会让女人怀上精灵胎儿。根据《可兰经》记载，先知穆罕默德曾向几批精灵布道，其中有些皈依了伊斯兰教。如下是精灵在《可兰经》中描述自己状况的段落：
And among us [jinn] there are righteous folk and among us there are those far from that. We are sects, having different rules. And we know that we cannot escape from Allah in the earth, nor can we escape by flight. And when we heard the guidance [of the Koran], we believed therein, and who so believeth in his Lord, he feareth neither loss nor oppression. And there are among us some who have surrendered to Allah and there are among us some who are unjust.
“吾辈精灵亦有善恶之分。精灵有不同派别，遵持不同规矩。吾等深知，必无抗真主意志逃脱尘世之法，纵插翅亦无从飞去。有闻《可兰经》之道者即信之；信真主者必无惧迷失及镇压。且吾辈中兼有皈依真主与邪恶者。”
In Somalia and Afghanistan clerics matter-of-factly described to your correspondent the range of jinn they had encountered, from the saintly to the demonic; those that can fly, those that crawl, plodding jinn, invisible jinn, gul with vampiric tendencies (from which the English word ghoul is taken), and shape-shifters recognisable in human form because their feet are turned backwards. Occasionally the clerics fell into a trance. Afterwards they claimed their apparently bare rooms had filled with jinn
seeking favours or release from amulet charms.
在索马里和阿富汗，一些神职人员实事求是地告诉本报记者他们碰到过的精灵种类：从圣人型到恶魔型无所不包；有的能飞，有的只能爬；有苦力精灵，有隐形精灵，有与吸血鬼类似的食尸魔（英语食尸魔[ghoul]即源于这种精灵的名字gul），还有变形精灵，但它们变为人形时看得出来，因为这时候它们的脚尖朝后。有时这些神职人员会突然站定不动。一会儿之后他们就会声称，他们看上去空无一物的房间来过不少精灵，它们在讨好神职人员，或者请求将它们从护身符魔咒中放出来。
A parallel universe 一个平行的宇宙
Although Somalia and Afghanistan have different religious traditions (Somalia being more relaxed), jinn belief is strong in both countries. War-ravaged, with similarly rudimentary education systems, both have a tradition of shrines venerating local saints where women can pray. Women are supposed to be more open to jinn, particularly illiterate rural women: by some accounts education is a noise, a roaring of thought, which jinn cannot bear. Sometimes women turn supposed jinn possession to their own advantage and become fortune-tellers. Among the most popular questions asked of such women is: “Will my husband take a second wife?” The shrines are often little more than a carved niche in a rock, with colourful prayer flags tied to nearby trees. Jinn are said to be attracted to the ancient
geography of shrines, many of which predate Islam; as some have it, the shrines were attracted to the jinn. 尽管索马里和阿富汗有不同的宗教传统（索马里更宽松些），这两个国家中对精灵的崇信都是根深蒂固的。两国都饱受战乱袭扰，教育体系一样简陋，也都有崇拜当地圣贤的圣坛传统，妇女也都可以在这样的圣坛下祷告。人们认为妇女更容易与精灵沟通，农村文盲妇女尤甚。从某些记载看，教育是一种噪音，一种思想的怒吼，是精灵无法忍受的。有时妇女利用所谓精灵附体谋利，成了算命者。这些妇女最常被问及的一个问题是：“我的丈夫会再讨老婆吗？”这些所谓圣坛有时不过是岩石上凿出来的壁龛，再加上附近树上捆着的有祈祷语的彩色旗幡。许多这些圣坛的时代早于伊斯兰教的起始，据说精灵会被它们的古老地舆吸引。有些人认为圣坛也会受精灵吸引。
Islam teaches that jinn resemble men in many ways: they have free will, are mortal, face judgment and fill hell together. Jinn and men marry, have children, eat, play, sleep and husband their own animals. Islamic scholars are in disagreement over whether jinn are physical or insubstantial in their bodies. Some clerics have described jinn as bestial, giant, hideous, hairy, ursine. Supposed yeti sightings in Pakistan's Chitral are believed by locals to be of jinn. These kinds of jinn can be killed with date or plum stones fired from a sling.
伊斯兰教义认为精灵在许多方面与人类相似：它们有自己的意志，不会长生不老，都会面临末日审判并进地狱。精灵和人类都可以结婚，可以有子女，都吃饭、玩耍、睡觉、饲养各自的家畜家禽。至于精灵的身体是物质的或是虚幻的，伊斯兰学者有不同见解。有些神职人员将精灵描绘为凶残、庞大、丑恶、多毛、像熊一样的生物。据说有人在巴基斯坦的吉德拉尔
（Chitral）目击了所谓雪人，当地人相信这就是精灵。可以用弹弓发射枣核或者李子核射杀这几种精灵。
But to more scholarly clerics jinn are little more than an energy, a pulse form of quantum physics perhaps, alive at the margins of sleep or madness, and more often in the whispering of a single unwelcome thought. An extension of this electric description of jinn is that they are not beings at all but thoughts that were in the world before the existence of man. Jinn reflect the sensibilities of those imagining them, just as in Assyrian times they were taken to be the spirits responsible for manias, who melted into the light at dawn. 但对更博学的神职人员来说，精灵不过是一种能量，或许就是量子物理中脉动形式的一种。它们是人们在半睡半醒与似狂非狂时的臆想；在更多的情况下，它们只是一种令人不快的单一念头的呓语。这一精灵的电子化描述引申一下就是：其实根本就没有精灵，它们只是人类对自己
存在之前的世界的想法而已。精灵反映了那些想象它们的人的情感，正如亚述时代的人们设想
的，它们是引起狂乱的灵体，会在凌晨的阳光下冰消瓦解。
When a donkey brays 驴子啼叫时
The English word genie, from an uelated French root, is now too soft and gooey with Disney's Aladdin to catch the acid qualities attributed to jinn. Sepideh Azarbaijani-Moghaddam, a specialist on Afghanistan who has undertaken anthropological research on jinn belief, reckons she may once have been in the presence of jinn. She was riding with others in the Afghan province of Badakhshan. It was towards dusk. They came down into a valley forested at the bottom. The horses tensed. “Suddenly from out of the trees I felt myself being watched by non-human entities.” A cold fear overcame her, “the fear of losing the faculty of reason”. A Kabul cleric describes this sort of feeling as a shock at the existence of otherness. Animals sense it also: when a donkey brays, it is said to be seeing a jinn. 英文灵怪（genie）这个词源于法语的一个与此无关的词根，现在由于迪斯尼电影里阿拉丁（Aladdin）的缘故，用它来形容精灵的刻薄品质实在是太温和、太感性了。正在进行精灵信仰的人类学研究的阿富汗问题专家谢皮德?阿扎拜亚妮?摩加达姆（Sepideh Azarbaijani-Moghaddam）认为她可能曾与精灵邂逅。当时她与其他人一起乘马车在阿富汗的巴达赫尚（Badakhshan）省旅行；时近黄昏，他们进入了一道山谷，谷底草木丛生。拉车的马很紧张。“我突然觉得树丛外有非人类实体盯着我。”她被冰冷的恐惧感攫住了。“这是那种令人失去理智的恐惧。”一位喀布尔（Kabul）的神职人员认为这种感觉是对他性智慧生物存在的震惊。动物也能感觉到这一点：有人认为猴子啼叫就是因为它见到了精灵。
Unbelieving jinn, those who resisted the Koran, are shaytan, demons, “firewood for hell”. Many Muslims see the devil as a jinn. Some reckon the snake in the Garden of Eden was a shape-shifting jinn. All this may yet play a part in the war on terrorism. Factions in Somalia and Afghanistan have accused their enemies of being backed not only by the CIA but by malevolent jinn. One theory in Afghanistan holds that the mujahideen, “two-legged wolves”, scared the jinn out into the world, causing disharmony. It is jinn, they say, who whisper into the ears of suicide-bombers.
那些抗拒《可兰经》、不相信真主的精灵是魔鬼，是邪灵，是“地狱里的柴火”。许多穆斯林认为魔鬼是一种精灵。有些人认为伊甸园里的蛇是一个变形精灵。所有这些可能还会在对恐怖主义的斗争中起作用。在索马里和阿富汗的一些穆斯林派系不但指控他们的敌人受中情局支持，而且说他们受邪恶精灵支持。阿富汗有一种理论认为，那些“两条腿的恶狼”——即圣战组织—
《赏析版2016年7月经济学人文章(英汉双语对照)汇集》出自：百味书屋
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